"There's a need here. We're developing something special here in Peoria," says Robert McWilliams, MD, the deputy director with OSF Cancer Institute. "This helps us get recognition that we're a player in the region and serving the people of Central Illinois. It also means we're collaborating with other researchers in the region to put OSF and those we serve on the map."

HCRN is a consortium of community oncology programs and academic centers across the United States that collaborate on clinical trials, with a particular focus on investigator-initiated studies. Founded in 1984, HCRN now supports a nationwide network of more than 100 academic and community research sites. The organization has conducted more than 250 clinical trials, enrolled more than 10,000 patients and contributed to more than 350 scientific publications.

“We are delighted to welcome OSF Cancer Institute as a member of our network. We believe there is great value in bringing together academic centers and outstanding community providers like OSF Cancer Institute to advance cancer care in a real-world setting,” says Brian Stemme, CEO of HCRN. “Our team is honored to support these vital collaborations.”                

HCRN brings together leading academic cancer centers and community oncology programs, including numerous National Cancer Institute (NCI)-designated comprehensive cancer centers across the U.S.

"They have an ongoing portfolio of clinical trials that we can decide whether it makes sense for us to open here in Peoria, or in some of our other OSF markets as well," Dr. McWilliams adds. "Then we can have our trials open through that network and accelerate the speed and rapidity of the research that is done."

The affiliation strengthens the growing role of OSF Cancer Institute in cancer research and positions the organization to contribute to clinical studies that could shape the future of cancer prevention, diagnosis and treatment. For those served, this work creates more opportunities to participate in cancer research while receiving high-quality care.

Jeanna Brouwer, an outpatient oncology dietitian with the OSF HealthCare Cancer Institute, says understanding your vitamin D levels is one of the first steps in supporting your overall health during treatment. She emphasizes that vitamin D, a fat-soluble vitamin, helps support bone health, immune function and recovery, making it a crucial part of cancer care.

"It's a pre-hormone, or a precursor to a hormone, that is like a 'master key in our body,'" Brouwer says, adding it helps regulate many important processes inside of you.

There are two forms of vitamin D: D2 and D3. Brouwer says the body utilizes vitamin D3 more efficiently than vitamin D2. Vitamin D3 is naturally found in animal-based foods, including fatty fish, and is generally more effective than vitamin D2 at raising and maintaining vitamin D levels.

Why vitamin D is important during cancer treatment

Brouwer says vitamin D is almost always a beneficial part of a person's cancer journey. If someone hasn't had a recent vitamin D blood test, she recommends having one ordered so a baseline can be established before determining whether a supplement is needed.

"When we're deficient, our body isn't functioning to the ideal level that we need it to," Brouwer says. "We don't have the ideal immune system that can help us during cancer treatment. So, if we're deficient, we want to start there and bring it up to a healthy level."

Brouwer also says studies show an association between adequate vitamin D status and better outcomes in certain cancers.

For some people, supplementation becomes even more important depending on their diagnosis and treatment plan.

"So, for example, prostate cancer patients; if you get put on something called ADT therapy, where it's blocking testosterone, that's going to alter our bone health. So, anybody put on that medication oftentimes (recommended by their oncology team) start supplementing with vitamin D and calcium," Brouwer says.

Supplementation can also help protect against osteopenia and osteoporosis.

People with pancreatic cancer can face a different challenge. Brouwer says pancreatic insufficiency can prevent the body from properly breaking down fat, leading to malabsorption. Because vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin, traditional vitamin D supplements may be less effective for some patients.

Choosing a supplement

Although sunlight helps the body produce vitamin D, Brouwer says supplements are an excellent way to get the nutrient without spending long periods of time in the sun, which can increase the risk of skin damage and skin cancer.

She also understands that choosing the right supplement can be overwhelming.

In general, Brouwer recommends choosing vitamin D3 over D2. She says products containing vitamin K2 can also help direct calcium into the bones more effectively.

People should keep in mind that the amount of vitamin D found in many calcium supplements or multivitamins is often not enough to meet their daily needs.

Most people need between 1,000 and 2,000 international units (IU) of vitamin D each day, Brouwer says. Reaching that amount through food alone can be difficult. For example, it would take about 10 glasses of milk a day to provide that much vitamin D, which is not recommended.

For people taking multiple medications, pill burden is a real concern. Brouwer says liquid-filled or gel capsules are often easier to swallow. Vitamin D also comes in gummies which are more palatable for some people.

Some formulations may also improve absorption. Liposomal supplements contain fat, which helps the body absorb vitamin D more effectively. For people who have difficulty absorbing vitamin D through the digestive tract, such as some pancreatic cancer patients, liquid drops may be a better option.

"Doing a sublingual bypass anything in the gut area. You hold the liquid under your tongue for 30-60 seconds, and it's going to absorb into the tissue in the oral cavity," Brouwer says. "So, if you get drops that are liposomal, best of both worlds."

Look for third-party testing

Because dietary supplements are not regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Brouwer encourages people to look for products that have undergone independent, third-party testing.

She recommends looking for certifications such as USP (U.S. Pharmacopeia) or NSF (National Sanitation Foundation) on the label to help verify a supplement's quality and contents.

Before starting any vitamin D supplement, talk with your oncology care team or health care provider. There are scenarios, such as high calcium levels caused by cancer, where taking supplemental vitamin D can be problematic. A simple blood test can determine whether you're deficient and help identify the supplement and dosage that's right for you.

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Author's note: This is part one of a four part story on infant nutrition misconceptions. Read part two here, part three here and part four here.
 

Bringing a new baby home raises the focus on their and mom’s well-being. Toward the top of the list: what and how the child is being fed.

Whether you choose to breastfeed or use formula, misconceptions about infant nutrition are everywhere. Xandra Anderson, an international board-certified lactation consultant at OSF HealthCare, cuts through the noise.

• My baby needs water in addition to milk or formula.
  
  It’s a common thought, Anderson says. One, adults need water, so people assume infants do, too. And two, formula can involve mixing in water, so mothers think they need to do the same with breast milk.
  
  “Really, breast milk is about 80% water,” Anderson says. “It’s there. It’s complete nutrition. You’re not missing anything.”
  
  Anderson adds it’s actually dangerous to give water to babies under six months. They can overhydrate, leading to possible kidney damage. After six months, Anderson says to talk to a health care provider about introducing water. She says one to two ounces of water per day to help wash down solid food is common.
   
• Breastfeeding will make my breasts sag.
  
  Anderson says breast changes begin during pregnancy and are not solely a result of breastfeeding. Some women will notice their breasts are larger once they are full of milk, but there are more factors at play.
  
  “[During pregnancy], your hormones are changing a lot. Your ligaments are stretching. We’re getting ready for a baby,” Anderson explains. “Then you have your baby, and your milk starts to come in. Regardless of whether you breastfeed or formula feed, you’ll see some breast changes. It was those hormonal changes in pregnancy.

“[Breast changes] can also be related to your lifestyle,” she adds. “Smoking affects your skin health, and you can see that affect the breasts. It can be related to age or a family history [of health issues such as lupus and other autoimmune diseases].”

Anderson also says research has found breastfeeding can actually promote breast health. For example, it can reduce your breast cancer risk.

• I have small breasts, so I won’t have enough breast milk to keep my child nourished.
  
  Anderson retorts with an affirmation we’ve heard since childhood: It’s what’s on the inside that counts.
  
  “Size of the breast is not a factor in being able to breastfeed. What is a factor is the amount of milk glands in your body. We all have those milk glands. Size just relates to fatty tissue,” Anderson says.
  
  The only time size may come into play, Anderson says, is if a woman gets a breast reduction where milk glands are removed. In that case, talk to a health care provider about your options.

Learn more

Read more about how to have a successful pregnancy and following years on the OSF HealthCare website.

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Creatine is a naturally occurring compound made from three amino acids. Your liver, kidneys and pancreas produce it, and it's also found in foods like red meat.

While your body makes creatine on its own, and you can get some through your diet, those amounts typically aren't enough to provide the performance benefits seen with supplementation.

Best known for helping muscles work harder during high-intensity exercise, creatine is one of the most researched sports nutrition supplements available. The most studied form is creatine monohydrate, which has been shown to improve exercise performance and increase lean muscle mass when paired with resistance training.

"There are three different forms that creatine can come in. It can come in a pill (capsule form), it can come in gummy form, or a powder form. There are different types of creatine; the most well-studied form is creatine monohydrate," says Gabrielle Raucci, outpatient clinical oncology dietitian with OSF HealthCare Cancer Institute. "All the studies we've seen say the best form is going to be powder. It's better absorbed by your body, and you can just take a scoop of it, add it to water and shake it up really well."

Most adults who choose to supplement should aim for about three to five grams per day, Raucci says.

Emerging research also suggests creatine may have benefits beyond muscle health. Recent studies have found promising evidence that it may help support brain energy metabolism and cognitive function, although researchers say more studies are needed to understand its long-term effects in healthy adults.

For people with cancer, however, timing matters.

"The main thing we focus on is that if you're undergoing an active treatment, like chemotherapy or immunotherapy, the kidneys can sometimes take a hit with those treatments. When your body breaks down creatine, it breaks it into a byproduct called creatinine," Raucci says. "When your oncologists are closely looking at your blood levels, we wouldn't want to take a supplement that could potentially bump your creatinine. So, make sure to talk with your care team if you're on an active treatment and you want to use one of these supplements. Because it could potentially affect your kidneys."

For cancer survivors who have completed treatment, creatine may be an option to help rebuild muscle mass, particularly when combined with regular strength training.

"If you're in survivorship and are looking to build your lean body mass up, it could be a safe supplement," Raucci says. "Check with your care team, they'll double-check your medications and see if it's something to build yourself up after treatment."

As with any supplement, people undergoing cancer treatment or managing other medical conditions should talk with their health care team before starting creatine to ensure it's appropriate for their individual situation.

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• Changed demeanor, like mood swings
   
• Frequently stepping away, like asking to go to the restroom a lot at school

“They want to go smoke because they’re addicted already. They need that time. They have to go hide,” says Thompson, a breast health navigator. “Same thing at home. They constantly go to their room or bathroom.”

• New odors coming from your child or their belongings. Williams, a radiation therapist, notes that the smell could be good, like minty.
   
• Listen for kids using new phrases. Vapes are also called hookahs, pens, tank systems and mods.

Adults should also know the changing look of vapes. Boyd says they could be in plain sight in your child’s room, and you could miss them. Vapes can look like computer flash drives, ink pens, key fobs, candy canisters and even handheld video games.

Talking to kids

First and foremost, Boyd suggests taking a loving tone when talking to kids about the dangers of vaping. Don’t start by accusing them of wrongdoing.

“Gather information. Encourage them to open up. Make it a safe place,” Boyd says. “If they don’t feel comfortable talking to mom or dad, maybe try somebody at church, an older sibling, a school counselor or a teacher. Find those accountability people.”

If your child has a hard time opening up, talk to their pediatrician so they can broach the subject at the next appointment. During the appointment, offer to step out of the room so the child isn’t nervous to talk about their habits.

Thompson adds to keep kids active. If you’re playing backyard baseball with them, you know they’re not vaping.

“We want you to be healthy and live a long life,” she adds, suggesting words to use with your child. Not to mention the money you’ll save.

What about smoking?

How does smoking a traditional cigarette or cigar play into all this?

Boyd says some people see vaping as a way to quit smoking. She says that’s a bad idea. Talk to your health care provider instead about medication and other options.

At OSF Moeller Cancer Center, Boyd, Thompson and Williams offer a smoking cessation program. Providers can refer patients to the program, or they can self-refer by calling (618) 474-6791. OSF then connects the person with resources to quit and provides regular check-ins. Schools, businesses and community groups can also call to see how they can benefit from the program.

“Working on oncology, we see the back end. We see patients who have been 30-year smokers. They have a CT scan, and they find an abnormal mass,” Thompson recalls. “So we try to catch them early. We have younger patients who are seeing their primary care provider. Their provider says they’ve been smoking for five years, and they put the referral in. Well, we just saved them 25 years of smoking if we can get them to stop now.”

“Don’t see it as a failure,” if you can’t quit right away or if you relapse and smoke a few, Boyd adds. “Try again. We’re not all made the same. Quitting looks different for everyone”

Interview clips - Karen Boyd

Interview clips - Heather Thompson

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The site offers search capability that allows people to learn what type of cancer the clinical trial focuses on, and what phase the trial is currently in.

With a commitment to top-tier research and cancer clinical trials, OSF HealthCare brought on Jun Zhang, MD, PhD, vice president of Oncology Research. Dr. Zhang, under the leadership of James McGee, MD, president and founding director of OSF Cancer Institute, will lead the expansion of clinical trial offerings at OSF Cancer Institute in Peoria.

As of late May 2026, nearly 10 clinical trials are accepting new patients, and more expected to launch in the coming months.

This website launch will help reduce anxiety and stress for people who are looking for cancer resources, providing them an opportunity of hope, in what can be one of the most challenging times.

To view all current clinical trials, please visit the OSF HealthCare Cancer Institute clinical trials website.  

With age comes physical limitations. But it’s important to stay active, says John Rinker, MD, an internal medicine physician who specializes in geriatrics at OSF HealthCare. When you keep moving, it helps reduce the risk of things like diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, obesity, cancer and neurocognitive diseases like Alzheimer's.

In other words, Dr. Rinker says, it’s not fun to live long if you’re not well. Your lifespan versus your health span, as he puts it.

“It really, really pays to maintain exercise and be in good physical shape as you age. It reaps huge dividends on how long you live,” Dr. Rinker stresses.

Guidelines

Each person should have a tailored plan as advised by a health care provider. But regardless of your age, the American Heart Association (AHA) generally recommends 150 minutes of moderate physical activity or 70 minutes of vigorous physical activity each week, spread out over several days. A brisk walk would qualify as moderate intensity (also called zone two training), while running, swimming or riding a bike would be vigorous. Vigorous exercise is associated with a term called VO2 max, referring to maximum use of oxygen. In layman’s terms, you’re breathing hard and conditioning the heart.

“Most of that type of [vigorous] training is at a higher interval. You’re going to get breathing really hard for three to five minutes while you sustain a pace that’s rather difficult. Then you’re going to rest and let that heart rate come back down. Then go back to the hard exercise,” Dr. Rinker explains. “That back and forth with the heart rate really helps to train how well your heart can pump blood to muscles. That’s a really good marker of how well conditioned you are.”

The AHA also recommends two days of strength training per week. That could be lifting weights, using resistance bands or calisthenics, where you use your body weight for resistance rather than equipment.

“I really like the strength training piece,” Dr. Rinker says.

“It doesn’t take a lot as you age to tension a muscle enough to maintain muscle mass. We really find that people who are able to maintain muscle more muscle mass as they age are going to do much better with those health span and lifespan issues,” he adds. “So, the goal isn’t to make everyone a huge bodybuilder. The goal is to decrease the rate of decline as we age.”

On the days you do strength training, aim for 30 minutes per day. Dr. Rinker says if you really want to lean into this area of fitness, consider getting a personal trainer.

Limitations

It’s important to work around your ability and not push through pain, Dr. Rinker says. If aging has brought back or leg pain, skip the treadmill and try swimming or a weightlifting session while seated.

“You want to make sure you’re not going to injure something further. That will create a bigger setback or other deficit that are not going to help you in the long run,” Dr. Rinker says.

The bottom line

From VO2 max to zone two to calisthenics, there are a lot of terms to keep straight. If you don’t want to overthink it, just remember to keep moving. Push yourself with some vigorous workouts if you can, but commit to some form of exercise regularly.

“Most of your day-to-day exercise [as an older adult] should be just basic activity,” Dr. Rinker says. “Think of a brisk walk. Walking at a pace for about 30 minutes where you could still hold a conversation with somebody, but it would be difficult to sing a song.

“If I can just get someone to walk every day, I think they’re going to be in good shape,” he adds.

Learn more

Read more about moving your body safely and aging well on the OSF HealthCare website.

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• YES: moles, blisters, bumps, acne, boils, peeling skin from a sunburn, rashes, poison ivy or similar skin reactions, warts, skin tags and bug bites
   
• YES, BUT: Dr. Kumar says freckles and birthmarks are lesions, but they are not harmful.

In other words: “A skin lesion is any type of abnormal growth. It can happen anywhere on the body. If it doesn’t look like normal skin, it’s considered a growth,” Dr. Kumar says.

Causes for each of these lesions vary. We know acne is due to bacteria, and warts are from a virus, for example. Medications, lifestyle choices (like eating certain food that doesn’t agree with you) and medical conditions (such as diabetes and liver failure) are other culprits. But when the cause is unexplained, health care providers might need to investigate.

“We look at the lesion. The majority of the time, we can tell if something is benign or malignant. If we have questions, we err on the side of caution and do a biopsy,” Dr. Kumar explains. That involves cutting out part of the lesion and sending it off to a lab for analysis. “Biopsies can be done in the office. If it’s a bigger procedure, we have to go to the operating room.”

If the biopsy confirms evidence of a problem, such as cancer, the doctor will remove the rest of the bad tissue. Or, Dr. Kumar says some people come to him with a cosmetic or practical reason. They have a large birthmark or cyst on their face, are self-conscious about their appearance and would like it removed, for example. Or, they wear a hard hat for work, and the hat rubs against a lesion on their forehead, causing discomfort.

Dr. Kumar outlines how he would remove a lesion: “Let’s say it’s on your arm. We clean up the arm. We inject some lidocaine, which is a numbing agent. Then with a knife or other instrument, I’m able to cut it all out. Depending on how deep it is and the size of the lesion, we can glue it back together or put stitches in.” Regardless of the method, Dr. Kumar says most of these procedures are routine for providers with minimal aftereffects for the patient. In complex cases, like if the lesion goes down into a muscle, a plastic surgeon might be consulted.

Prevention

We can’t control if we have things like freckles or moles. But there are plenty of things you can do to help prevent problematic lesions.

• Limit your exposure to ultraviolet rays from the sun or by tanning. In fact, Dr. Kumar would not recommend tanning at all. For outdoor activities, use waterproof sunscreen of 50 sun protection factor (SPF) or higher, and reapply every few hours. Wear long sleeves and a wide brimmed hat.
   
• Wear bug spray when doing outdoor activities, such as hiking, where insects are present.
   
• Wash your body regularly.
  
  “Don’t overclean,” Dr. Kumar warns. “If you scratch your skin, that allows bacteria and other things to get into your skin and cause infections.”
   
• Don’t smoke. Dr. Kumar says smoking changes your skin for the worse, such as developing wrinkles and lesions.
   
• Find the right skincare products. If you use a lotion and it causes a rash, for example, don’t use that product again. Dr. Kumar adds that Vaselines and petroleum jellies are good for moisturizing your skin. But they’re thick and can clog pores.
  
  “Keep it simple. The $100 face cream is going to work the same as the $10 one,” Dr. Kumar says.
   
• Know the ABCDEs of suspicious moles.

o    A is for asymmetry. One half of the spot is not like the other half.

o    B is for border. The mole has an irregular, scalloped or poorly defined border.

o    C is for color. The spot has varying colors, like tan, brown, black, white, red or blue.

o    D is for diameter. Dermatologists say melanoma skin cancers are usually greater than six millimeters, or about the width of a pencil eraser. But they can be smaller, so don’t consider diameter alone.

o    E is for evolving. The mole looks different from the rest or is changing in size, shape or color. Dr. Kumar says you can take pictures to show your provider how the mole has changed.

                           If your lesion has any of the ABCDE red flags or you just have a concern, see a provider.

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Now, emerging research continues to point to multiple factors of why hundreds of thousands of people worldwide are dying from the disease each year. The World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) reports lung cancer as the most common cancer across the globe, attributing most of the cases to people in China, the United States and Japan from data released in 2022. The Journal of Thoracic Oncology says 1.8 million people die each year from lung cancer.

Between 10-20% of patients diagnosed with lung cancer are non-smokers.

In part one of this two-part series, Jun Zhang, MD, PhD, a thoracic oncologist and the vice president of oncology research with OSF HealthCare Cancer Institute, discusses five main reasons that patients who do not smoke are being diagnosed with lung cancer. Part one discussed both PM2.5 (Particulate matter) and radon levels being major causes of lung cancer among nonsmokers, while this article will dive into the next three categories.

#3: Cooking fumes leading to lung cancer

The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that each year, 2.9 million people die prematurely from illnesses caused by household air pollution, specifically by the “incomplete combustion of solid fuels and kerosene used for cooking.”

Of those deaths, 6% are from lung cancer, the WHO says, adding that roughly 11% of lung cancer deaths in adults are attributed to “carcinogens from household air pollution caused by using kerosene or solid fuels like wood, charcoal or coal for household energy needs.”

"This is one of the reasons there's a higher incidence among Asian people, because of cooking style and the importance of food," Dr. Zhang says. "Over there, the way we cook delicious food is using the really hot wok (large bowl-shaped pan used for high-heat cooking) as the way to cook. Especially if the cooking involves using animal fat, it can create droplets (fumes), that can be inhaled and cause problems." 

#4: Secondhand smoking

Just as there is no safe level of smoking, the same can be said for secondhand smoke (SHS). The U.S. Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) says even brief exposure to SHS can be harmful. This should be a wakeup call to both smokers and those who are around smokers, and lung cancer isn’t the only health concern.

The CDC reports other health problems that can be caused by secondhand smoke (in adults who don’t smoke) are coronary heart disease, stroke, as well as reproductive health effects in women. For infants and kids, SHS can cause sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), respiratory infections, ear infections and asthma attacks.

Especially in the 1940s through 60s, smoking was seen more broadly as "cool" and was a norm in many American households. So, secondhand smoking, Dr. Zhang says, is another major contributor to non-smoking lung cancer diagnoses. 

"Whether it's a parent smoking or a coworker smoking, this leads to indoor air pollution," Dr. Zhang points out. 

SHS causes more than 7,300 lung cancer deaths each year in American adults who don’t smoke and increases the risk of lung cancer in adult non-smokers by 20-30%.

#5: Genetic predispositions

Your genes can play a role in your cancer risk as well, Dr. Zhang says. A family history of lung cancer in a first-degree relative account for approximately 25% of attributable risk in never-smokers – the largest single risk factor. The germline variants in certain genes like EGFR and STK11 can increase lung cancer susceptibility among never-smokers.

Dr. Zhang says with genetic testing, these variants can be found.

"It turns out that if you have germline variants in the EGFR gene, people have a higher susceptibility to have lung cancer," Dr. Zhang says. "With AI (artificial intelligence) and more in-depth sequencing, we'll be able to find more genetic predispositions."

STK11 (also known as LKB1) is another prominent gene that its germline variants my result in increased susceptibility in many non-smoking lung cancer patients. Germline mutation of this gene can lead to Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome, which leads to the growth of polyps in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract or other parts of the body. It also increases lung cancer susceptibility regardless of environmental exposures.

Current screening guidelines

Low-dose CT scans are available for certain patients, but the current guidelines require you to be at least 50 years of age and have a 20-year smoking history (one pack of cigarettes a day for 20 years, of ½ pack of cigarettes for 40 years). You also need to either be a current smoker or have quit in the last 15 years. 

Dr. Zhang says findings like this argue for expansion of lung cancer screening criteria, especially among Asian females, which is aligned with the findings from FANSS (Female Asian Nonsmoker Screening Study), which screened 1,000 eligible Asian women, ages 40-74. Using low-dose CT (LDCT), the findings showed a lung cancer detection rate of 1.3%. This was higher than a separate study called the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) which studied high-risk smokers.

Dr. Zhang says that if you have any concerns like lingering cough that lasts for multiple weeks, talk to your primary care provider (PCP). You can get a chest X-Ray to make sure you don't have pneumonia.

You could also have GERD (acid reflux), and these are important to be seen for. If none of the common benign cases are identified, this is where patients should advocate for themselves and ask for a CT scan to check for lung cancer.

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The American Cancer Society (ACS) says other than skin cancer, prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men in the United States.

The good news? Prostate cancer, when caught early, is also one of the easiest to treat.

Salman Syed, MD, a radiation oncologist with OSF HealthCare, describes today’s current treatment options as “exceptional,” noting that most men diagnosed with prostate cancer at an early stage are successfully treated and remain cancer-free after therapy.

The best way to detect prostate cancer early is through screening with a PSA (prostate-specific antigen) test, Dr. Syed explains.

PSA is a protein produced by the prostate that can be measured with a simple blood test. Higher PSA levels may indicate prostate cancer or other prostate conditions. "It correlates with the amount of prostate tissue that you have," Dr. Syed adds.

“In general, we like to see PSA levels below four, but the interpretation depends on a patient’s age and overall risk,” Dr. Syed says. “Some men can develop prostate cancer even with a relatively low PSA, which is why screening decisions should be individualized and discussed with a physician.” 

If you have a strong family history of prostate cancer, you may need to start PSA testing at a younger age. “Current guidelines recommend discussing PSA screening as early as age 40 to 45 for men with higher-risk features, including a family history of prostate cancer, African ancestry or certain inherited genetic mutations.”

Inherited mutations such as BRCA1 or BRCA2 can increase the risk of developing prostate cancer, among other cancers, and can be passed down from parent to child. So, knowing your family history and if you or your parents have genetic mutations is helpful in assessing your cancer risk, Dr. Syed suggests. 

Doctors might also use genomic testing, which analyzes the activity of certain genes within a prostate tumor. These tests help determine how aggressive the cancer is likely to be, allowing physicians to tailor treatment to each patient.

“In some cases, genomic testing helps us safely avoid unnecessary treatments,” Dr. Syed explains. “In others, it tells us when we should treat more aggressively to give the patient the best chance of cure.” 

New and improved ways to diagnose, treat prostate cancer

The OSF HealthCare oncology program has several advanced technologies that help detect prostate cancer earlier and treat it more precisely, often with fewer side effects.

“One of the biggest advances we’ve seen in prostate cancer care is the ability to combine better imaging with more targeted treatments,” Dr. Syed says. “That allows us to detect cancer earlier and personalize treatment, so patients get exactly what they need.”

One example is the multiparametric MRI (mpMRI), an advanced imaging test that provides a highly detailed look at the prostate. This scan can identify suspicious areas that may not be visible on standard imaging, helping doctors detect prostate cancer earlier and guide more targeted biopsies and treatment.

Another breakthrough is PSMA PET/CT, an advanced scan that can detect extremely small amounts of prostate cancer throughout the body. Because it is far more sensitive than traditional imaging, it helps doctors locate recurrent or metastatic disease earlier and plan treatment more accurately. 

OSF HealthCare also offers proton therapy at OSF HealthCare Cancer Institute in Peoria. Proton therapy is an advanced form of radiation that allows physicians to deliver radiation to the tumor while reducing exposure to nearby organs such as the bladder and rectum. 

"With proton therapy, we can often reduce the dose to surrounding healthy tissues compared with conventional radiation," Dr. Syed explains. "That can translate into fewer long-term side effects and better preservation of quality of life for many patients." 

Another highly advanced option available at OSF is high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy, which delivers radiation from inside the prostate.

“HDR brachytherapy is one of the most precise forms of radiation therapy available for prostate cancer,” says Dr. Syed. “Because we deliver radiation from inside the prostate itself, we can sculpt the radiation dose very tightly around the tumor while minimizing exposure to nearby organs like the bladder and rectum. At OSF, this treatment is typically completed in just two sessions, which allows us to deliver a very powerful and focused treatment over a short period of time while maintaining excellent cure rates.” 

Together, these advanced tools allow the OSF oncology team to diagnose prostate cancer earlier, personalize care and deliver highly effective treatment while minimizing side effects. 

Radiation versus surgery: Is there a better option?

In terms of radiation versus surgery, Dr. Syed says they are both highly effective treatment options.

"In terms of cancer control, surgery and radiation have very similar success rates for most patients," says Dr. Syed. "The choice often comes down to differences in side effects and what best fits a patient's lifestyle and priorities."

Rectal irritation, like diarrhea and looser stools during treatment, and other side effects are possible during radiation, but that improves over time, Dr. Syed points out. 

Side effects from surgery include temporary erectile dysfunction (ED), which is regained after surgery. As well as urinary incontinence (accidental urine leakage caused by lack of bladder control), which can tend to last post-surgery as well. Men are encouraged to wear supporting underwear (Depends) to prevent urinary leakage. 

The best starting point is a conversation with your oncology team to discuss what your lifestyle looks like.

If you are actively working and can't have urinary incontinence, radiation will likely be the recommendation. If you have urinary issues already, there are certain radiation options that would be better for you. 

Exercise helps decrease your risk of cancer. Dr. Syed recommends maintaining a healthy weight and staying up to date with your health maintenance and primary care provider, as well as avoiding alcohol and smoking.

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On a low-dose CT scan for lung cancer: “It can catch lung cancer early. Lung cancer doesn’t have defined symptoms like colon or breast cancer,” Huelskoetter says. “A lot of times, you catch those nodules early and monitor them yearly or every six months based on what the radiologist finds. Then we can get you scheduled for routine low-dose CTs.”

She adds that this exam is geared toward smokers, but you can always bring it up with your provider.

What about kids?

Huelskoetter says children should see a provider at least once a year for a physical exam and to get caught up on vaccines, if needed.

“Make sure the provider records their height and weight. The provider will do an eye exam, an ear exam and things like that,” Huelskoetter outlines. “We want to make sure we’re not missing anything. A lot of times, eye problems in children can be caught in school. But maybe the child isn’t school age yet. We can get them in, do an exam and maybe catch something early.”

At home

Health care doesn’t end when you leave the clinic. Warm temperatures during spring can bring a renewed sense of optimism about changing daily habits.

“One thing I always tell my patients: move your body,” Huelskoetter implores. “I’m not saying you need to go to the gym and do pushups, sit ups and deadlifts every day. Just move your body. Start at a pace that’s good for you. If you have a sedentary job or lifestyle, get a step counter or smartwatch to track your steps and see where you’re at.”

For example, Huelskoetter says if you’re at 2,000 steps a day, set a goal of 10,000. But start small. For the first month, aim for 3,000 steps a day. Then increase it to 4,000, and so on. You can accomplish this, she says, through 30 minutes of exercise for five days a week.

“This can lead to drastic improvements in your cardiovascular health, your mental health and your overall physical well-being,” Huelskoetter says. “Your joints won’t be as stiff because they’re used to movement.”

Exercise should be paired with healthy food choices, such as cutting back on processed food.

Spring might also be the time you say, “I’m finally going to quit that unhealthy habit,” like smoking.

Huelskoetter’s response? “Now’s the time. Let’s do it,” she says.

“Again, let’s start small. Get an appointment with your provider, and talk about options,” Huelskoetter suggests. “If you don’t feel you can quit cold turkey, which is extremely hard, there are options like Wellbutrin, Chantix or nicotine patches and lozenges. Sometimes we’ll even do cognitive behavioral therapy.”

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"Anyone that has lungs has a chance of lung cancer,” says Jun Zhang, MD, PhD, vice president of oncology research with OSF HealthCare Cancer Institute.

In fact, 10-20% of lung cancer patients are people who have never even smoked, Dr. Zhang adds. 

"Lung cancer is generally referred to as a 'smoker's disease.' But it turns out now that we're seeing more lung cancer patients without a history of smoking," Dr. Zhang observes. "If we put lung cancer in patients who have never smoked in a separate category, this can be listed as the number five cancer killer in the world." 

This translates to roughly 40,000 Americans every year being diagnosed with lung cancer, despite never smoking cigarettes. 

Women of Asian descent who don't smoke tend to be impacted more by this, Dr. Zhang says, compared to the rest of the population. Research shows that 57% of Asian American women diagnosed with lung cancer have never smoked. Based on this, in a recent study called FANS (Female Asian Never Smoker), researchers at the University of California San Francisco (UCSF), UC Davis and Stanford University are investigating why Asian American women who have never smoked develop lung cancer at unusually high rates compared with other populations.

Sadly, Dr. Zhang says, people who present with lung cancer but have never smoked, are presenting at a later stage. 

"Those patients present to us, at least at my clinic, and they already missed the chance of an early diagnosis. Early symptoms can be cough and shortness of breath, but quite often people are not paying attention to this because they don't smoke and they don't have a chance to get screened," Dr. Zhang says. "That's the sad story, that even though they've never smoked, at the time when they're diagnosed with lung cancer, it's almost always at late stage." 

So, why is this happening? Dr. Zhang discusses five main reasons that non-smokers are getting diagnosed with late-stage lung cancer. The top two culprits will be laid out in this article, with three more to come in part two.

#1: PM2.5 (Particulate Matter)

PM2.5 is the top contributor to non-smokers diagnosed with lung cancer worldwide. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) describes PM2.5 as fine inhalable particles, with diameters that are generally 2.5 micrometers and smaller.

"If you inhale the particles, you cannot get them out of your body. It can get into your lungs, be trapped there, and even get into your circulation and cause problems," Dr. Zhang says. "If we're thinking about cigarette smoking as the number one reason for lung cancer, globally PM2.5 is the second most common reason for lung cancer." 

In the United States, the EPA sets and reviews national air quality standards for PM2.5.

The Upper Midwest region has been below the national average for many years, and according to the EPA, has seen an improvement in air quality since at least 2000. The EPA's national standard is set at 9.0 micrograms per cubic meter. Dr. Zhang says for every 10 microgram per cubic meter increase, it increases lung cancer mortality by 20%.

Some areas in the world can be up to 100 micrograms per cubic meter; Dr. Zhang points out. Vehicle exhaust and industrial emissions along with outdoor fires contribute to these levels. 

The American Cancer Society (ACS) reports lifetime exposure to PM2.5 might increase the risk, and even speed up the onset of various cancers, including lung cancer.

#2: Radon levels in the home

While high PM2.5 levels are the #2 cause of lung cancer worldwide, here in the United States, the second-leading cause of lung cancer (next to smoking) is due to high radon levels. 

According to the ACS, radon is a colorless and odorless radioactive gas. Radioactive elements such as uranium found in soil and rock break down, then move the radon gas from the soil and rock into the air, ground water and surface water.

When radon breaks down in the air, it gives off radiation that can damage DNA in our cells.

“Radon is released by radioactive materials underground, but then they accumulate in the house, especially if it doesn't have good ventilation," Dr. Zhang says. 

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) says testing for radon in your home is the only way to know if levels are high. It’s recommended to get this testing done before or as soon as you move into the home.

Dr. Zhang says findings like this argue for expansion of lung cancer screening criteria. 

He adds that if you have any concerns like lingering cough that lasts for multiple weeks, especially with shortness of breath, talk to your primary care provider (PCP). You can get a chest X-Ray to make sure you don't have pneumonia.

GERD (acid reflux) and some heart issues could also be a possibility, and these are important to check out. If none of these things exist, this is where patients should advocate for themselves and ask for a CT scan to check for lung cancer that can show if a nodule or mass is present.

To learn more about the Lung Cancer Program at OSF Cancer Institute, or to schedule an appointment, visit the OSF HealthCare website.

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Scientists are constantly learning more about cancer – what causes it, how it impacts our body and how to treat or cure it. One study has looked at a possible link between frequent drinking of hot beverages and an increased risk of esophageal cancer.

So should coffee drinkers worry? Not drastically, but you should always be mindful of what you put in your body, says Edie Krueger, MD, [pronounced EE-dee // KREE-ger] a radiation oncologist at OSF HealthCare.

“The science behind it is that there’s thermal injury to the lining of the esophagus, or the tube that connects the mouth to the stomach. The thermal injury causes the cells to become aberrant [not normal, in other words] and grow on their own without any checkpoints. That’s basically what cancer is,” Dr. Krueger says.

So what should people do? Dr. Krueger says if you’re a morning coffee or tea person, that’s fine. But if you drink scalding hot beverages multiple times a day, consider changing habits. Let the drink cool off before taking a swig. The study mentions 65 degrees Celsius (149 degrees Fahrenheit) as a danger zone. That’s about the temperature when you get coffee right out of the pot, Dr. Krueger says. Also, swap the afternoon hot coffee or tea with another drink.

“Things in moderation are fine,” Dr. Krueger says.

Why it’s important

Esophageal cancer is not the most common in America (around 20,000 cases per year, Dr. Krueger says). But she says it’s a “tough cancer to treat,” underscoring the need to know about it and get treatment sooner rather than later.

She says there are two types of esophageal cancer. The most prevalent in America is adenocarcinoma. The other type, squamous cell carcinoma, is the one with a possible link to hot drinks.

“The symptoms, in general, are things like reflux or trouble swallowing - especially trouble swallowing things like bread or tough foods like steak or chicken. Just really hard to get food down,” Dr. Krueger explains.

“Usually, esophageal cancer is treated with what we call trimodality therapy. That’s surgery, chemotherapy and radiation,” she adds.

Avoiding alcohol, smoking and obesity are ways to help prevent esophageal cancer.

Learn more

Read more about cancer care on the OSF HealthCare website. Cancer care at OSF includes the OSF Cancer Institute in Peoria, Illinois.

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Since then, more than 77,000 patients have walked through those doors – each one facing a diagnosis that changed everything.

As the OSF Cancer Institute enters its third year of providing hope and healing for patients with cancer, the time has come to expand the capability to perform this critically important work. The Ministry has received approval for a certificate of need (CON) with the state of Illinois for construction plans for the fourth floor of the facility. The target for completion is spring 2027.

This new area will occupy over 29,000 square feet and will allow OSF to further expand its integrated cancer care network to include robust medical oncology, surgical oncology, and research components. The fourth floor will also allow expansion of OSF’s theranostics (diagnostics and therapeutics) program, private rooms for infusion create space for more clinical trials to take place at OSF Cancer Institute.

As part of the expansion, Robert McWilliams, MD, an internationally recognized clinician, trialist, and leader in gastrointestinal oncology and skin cancers has joined OSF HealthCare as the Deputy Director of the OSF Cancer Institute.

Dr. McWilliams was on faculty at Mayo Clinic for 20 years, serving in numerous leadership roles. He brings that expertise to OSF where he continues clinical trial and outcomes research in addition to transforming the cancer clinical practice.

Dr. McWilliams played a key role in redesigning the medical oncology care model at Mayo Clinic and will lead the expansion of the medical oncology program at OSF. He has authored more than 180 publications, and has served numerous roles across the globe, including serving on the Pancreas Cancer Task Force and the GI Cancers Steering Committee of the National Cancer Institute.

Dr. McWilliams joins the team operating under the leadership of James McGee, MD, president of the OSF HealthCare Cancer Institute that includes Jun Zhang, MD, PhD, who joined OSF last fall as vice president, Oncology Research.

Dr. Zhang is a nationally recognized leader in the research and treatment of lung cancer and has extensive expertise in bench-to-bedside translation and the development of investigator-initiated clinical trials. His work continues to shape emerging ideas at the interface of tumor immunology, microbiome science and precision medicine.

Dr. Robert McWilliams Video Interview Clips

Dr. Jun Zhang Video Interview Clips

Dr. James McGee Video Interview Clips

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"The most exciting thing that's going on right now, is that some of the most common genetic mutations we know of in pancreatic cancer, are finally having drugs that seem to work against them," says Robert McWilliams, MD, a medical oncologist and the Deputy Director of OSF HealthCare Cancer Institute. "They're in clinical trials right now, but we may see drug approvals as early as this year for these new therapies called KRAS inhibitors. Almost all pancreatic cancer tumors have those mutations. If these drugs are as promising and work as well as we hope, it should make a tremendous difference for pancreatic cancer."

Why this moment matters in pancreatic cancer treatment

Historically, treatment options for pancreatic cancer have advanced slowly compared to other cancers.

"Pancreatic cancer treatment hasn't evolved as quickly as I'd like. We've had more complex chemotherapy regimens that work incrementally better," Dr. McWilliams says. "Trying to put those together into a plan for patients using more neoadjuvant therapies (giving chemotherapy to shrink a tumor before surgery) is something we've done a lot more of in the last few years."

Even with incremental improvements, outcomes have remained challenging – largely because of how pancreatic cancer behaves.

The challenge of a “silent” disease

Pancreatic cancer, one of the deadliest forms of gastrointestinal cancer, is often diagnosed late, when treatment options are more limited. According to 2015-2021 data from the National Cancer Institute, only 13.3% of people survived five or more years after being diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. Nearly 68,000 people were diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in 2025, almost 52,000 of them died from the disease.

"One of the things that's most challenging about pancreatic cancer, is that it can be there without causing specific symptoms. Even though a lot of people with advanced pancreatic cancer do have symptoms commonly, it is a very difficult cancer to detect early," Dr. McWilliams says. "Because of that, oftentimes people present with advanced or metastatic disease.”

Therapeutic cancer vaccines are also in development right now. Promising results from post-operative mRNA-based vaccines have suggested an immune response is possible, and patients may have better outcomes. More trials are in progress to evaluate this further.  

Targeting KRAS: A long-standing goal

According to the Lustgarten Foundation, the largest private funder of pancreatic cancer research in the world, KRAS mutations are central to the disease.

KRAS is a gene that helps control when cells grow and divide. Normally, it works like a switch, turning growth on when the body needs it, and off when it doesn’t. But when KRAS mutates, that switch can get stuck in the “on” position, causing cells to grow nonstop and eventually form cancer.

While KRAS mutations are found in about 11% of all cancers, pancreatic cancer depends on it more than almost any other. In fact, more than 90% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas – the most common type of pancreatic cancer – have a KRAS mutation. That’s why researchers see KRAS as one of the most important and promising targets in the fight against pancreatic cancer.

One of the biggest challenges right now is creating drugs that can shut down the KRAS mutations most seen in pancreatic cancer, especially KRAS-G12D, which shows up in nearly half of all cases. Another key goal is developing treatments that can target several KRAS mutations at the same time. The good news: researchers are actively working on it, with more than 60 RAS-focused drugs currently in development.

New drugs moving through late-stage trials

According to Revolution Medicines, Inc., a late-stage clinical oncology company developing targeted therapies for patients with RAS-addicted cancers, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted a non-transferrable voucher for its drug daraxonrasib (RMC-6236) under the FDA’s Commissioner’s National Priority Voucher pilot program.

Daraxonrasib is being studied in two global Phase 3 clinical trials: RASolute 302 in patients with previously treated metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and RASolve 301 in patients with previously treated metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.

Symptoms that should not be ignored

Even with promising advances, early detection remains critical.

"One of the things is called painless jaundice. If you turn yellow (jaundice), and you're not having abdominal pain, that is a classical sign for pancreatic cancer," Dr. McWilliams points out. "The most common symptom people notice is weight loss. Most of us are trying to lose weight at any moment in time, but sometimes it's a little too easy and the weight starts dripping off. When that happens, that's something to say 'hey, that's great!' But maybe I should get that checked out."

Reducing cancer risk and improving outcomes

Dr. McWilliams says lifestyle choices can play an important role in reducing cancer risk and improving outcomes after diagnosis:

• Don’t smoke cigarettes
• Don’t vape
• Avoid drinking alcohol
• Maintain a healthy lifestyle, including a healthy weight and regular physical activity

Those diagnosed with cancer tend to do better when they engage in more physical exercise. Regular activity can also help protect against other health concerns, including heart disease, neurological disorders and chronic illness.

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• Teeth issues, such as cavities and discoloration. Loose teeth (not baby teeth that are intended to come out) are also a red flag.
   
• Gum issues, such as redness, bleeding or swollen or sore gums.
   
• Chewing and swallowing issues, whether from pain or a diagnosed disorder.
   
• Chemotherapy can also negatively impact oral health, Dr. Splaingard says. So if you’re going through cancer treatment, keep a close eye for changes in your mouth.
   
• And while we can’t control our age or gender, Dr. Splaingard says to be aware: poor oral health and the poor bone health that could come with it are more common as you age. He adds that women who have reached menopause are especially at risk.

Prevention

Having good oral health is no secret. Think back to what your parents told you as kids.

• Brush and floss regularly. The American Dental Association recommends brushing twice per day and flossing once per day. If you have questions about frequency, talk to your dentist.
   
• See a dentist regularly. Twice per year is a good starting point, but some people who need extra attention could go four times per year.
   
• In between those appointments, watch your teeth and gums and let your dentist know if something doesn’t seem right.
   
• Avoid smoking.
   
• Eat a healthy diet that’s low in cavity-causing sugar and high in beneficial things like calcium.
  
  “Calcium and vitamin D deficiencies can affect calcium balance in the bones,” Dr. Splaingard adds
   
• And if you are diagnosed with osteoporosis, follow the medication plan outlined by your health care provider.

Learn more

Read more about how to maintain good oral health on the OSF HealthCare website.

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A new hands-on tool is helping young patients feel more prepared – and less afraid – before undergoing an MRI.

MRIs can be especially intimidating for children, who must lie still in a tight space surrounded by loud, unfamiliar sounds. Until now, child life specialists, like Allison West, at OSF HealthCare Children’s Hospital of Illinois in Peoria relied on educational materials to prepare patients. But West says many young children are hands-on learners.

“They need to be able to see, touch and manipulate. We had prep books and pictures and sounds that we would play for them, but we were missing something concrete,” says Child Life Specialist Allison West. “So, this was a huge need that Savannah was able to deliver for us.”

West is referencing former Tremont, Illinois, high school student Savannah Jost of Mapleton, whose interest in health care grew after her own serious cancer diagnosis.

Inspired by a cancer journey

In January of 2022, Jost was diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma. She went through eight rounds of chemo and 17 radiation treatments before doctors at OSF Children’s Hospital of Illinois declared her cancer free in December of 2022.

Jost then joined OSF HealthCare through a high school co-op program, where she helped design a simulated MRI with engineers from Jump Trading Simulation & Education Center. The idea was to help children role-play the experience using stuffed animals or dolls.

Sister M. Pieta Keller, F.S.G.M., an engineer with OSF Innovation Studio, part of the OSF Innovation ecosystem, explains there is a toy MRI available on the market, but it was prohibitively expensive. Instead, she and other engineers speculated that they could create something to simulate the medical imaging experience for kids, using their favorite toy as child life suggested.

“That could kind of show the child what happens and could we do it with a stuffed animal or doll or something that’s theirs – their object that’s special to them that could go through this, and they could see that everything was just fine and what would happen in that experience.”

Creating the MRI model for kids meant balancing realism with durability for young users Sister M. Pieta explains while discussing the creative process.

Design challenges

“As Savannah came to me with plans and ideas of what she wanted to do, we kind of went back through it. We let her do a first prototype of what she was thinking but then I was like we actually need to rebuild it and rebuild the inside so that it can withstand a small child climbing on top of it because,” Sister Pieta points out, “It is big enough to be a little gymnasium as well, so we wanted it to have that strength and robustness.”

West says children often have to have multiple imaging tests throughout their treatment and most of them have to be sedated. But the goal is to avoid having to put young children under anesthesia repeatedly.

“We think with additional education and preparation, that they (kids) would be able to do it successfully without that sedation,” West shares. “So, then we start prepping them. That’s where this beautiful machine comes in because we can use this to make them comfortable, to reduce that fear and really to prepare them for what to expect and kind of set them up for more success.”

The design and build process introduced Jost to the process of innovation. The biggest lesson she learned from engineers at Jump – you will most likely fail before you’re successful.

Lifelong lessons from engineers at Jump Simulation

“When I came in, they just answered all of my questions. They would help me, but they also let me try and fail and they would be like, ‘How would you do this?’ and I would go and do it and most likely fail and then they let me ask them and pick their brains about it. I just loved working with them.”

One of the biggest goals was to make the mini-MRI simulator as realistic as possible. From her own experience, Jost wanted to make sure there was no sugarcoating the experience. Combined with audio from a real MRI that can be played from a tablet, Jost thinks the team hit the mark.

The project represents more than just a design success. Jost stresses that it’s a way for her to pay it forward.

“It’s knowing that I get to give back to the community that helped me, that saved my life when I was 14 years old … just knowing that little kids here are using it and that I have the same cancer journey as some of them – It makes my 14-year-old self proud.” Jost is now a student at Bradley University, an OSF academic partner under its Innovation Academic Incubator. She eventually hopes to become a radiation oncologist.

Meanwhile, West says the simulated MRI has been used with a few patients and will be used with more in the future to help reduce fear, improve understanding and prepare children for real imaging exams – one stuffed animal at a time.

Savannah Jost

Sister Pieta 

Allison West

B-roll-Toy MRI

While Dry January is coming to a close, the topic of drinking alcohol is still making headlines.

Heavy drinking habits among adults that started during the COVID-19 pandemic haven’t slowed down, according to a study.

The study, published in the Annals of Internal Medicine, found that alcohol use among adults ages 18 and older increased by 4% from 2018 to 2020, with heavy alcohol use increasing by a whopping 20%. Researchers say the increase continued in 2022.

The pandemic caused plenty of stress for people – working from home, remote learning for children and just plain boredom. Experts say alcohol can start as a habit and then become an addiction. It’s also a way to cope with problems and issues that are impacting our daily lives. 

“COVID was a very stressful time for a lot of people,” says Jessy Mathew, MD, a primary care physician for OSF HealthCare. “There was a lot of social isolation, and a lot of emotional turmoil. People lost their friends; they lost family members. There were no outdoor activities, and alcohol became a relief from all these problems.”

The study defined heavy drinking as five drinks a day or 15 drinks a week for men and four drinks a day or eight drinks a week for women. The increase was seen in all age groups, genders, races and regions in the U.S. except for Asian Americans and Native Americans. Adults in their 40s had the biggest increase in consumption.

“It depends on the type of alcohol and your rate of metabolism, which might be different for each person,” says Dr. Mathew. “It also depends on how much you're drinking at the time. Are you binge drinking? Are you mixing it with other drinks? Are you mixing it with other substances or other drugs? There's a variety of reasons.”

There are many risks with heavy drinking. Among the potential health problems include heart disease and cancer, as well as anxiety, depression, the risk of accidents, and social, family, legal and behavioral issues. “Alcohol affects everything, basically, from head to toe, every single organ can be affected by alcohol,” says Dr. Mathew.

The earlier people start drinking, the greater the risk of developing health issues later in life. And women are more prone to get sicker from alcohol, according to Dr. Mathew. “There's a study that says that if you have one extra drink a day, it puts you at a risk of five to nine times more likely of getting breast cancer,” she says. “It also increases your risk of infertility, menstrual problems, osteoporosis or weakening of your bones, which leads to fractures.” 

Dr. Mathew offers several ways to reduce alcohol consumption, including:

·         Avoiding triggers such as people, places or activities that lead to heavy drinking

·         Create ways to deal with stress such as exercise, walking and reading

·         Limit the amount of alcohol you have in your home

·         Find hobbies that don’t involve alcohol

·         Seek support from friends and family or co-workers

Dr. Mathew adds that if you start feeling guilty about drinking, find yourself becoming easily agitated, or drinking at odd times of the day, it might be time to seek professional help. For more information on behavioral health services, visit the OSF HealthCare website. 

 

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James McGee, MD, MHCM, FACRO, president of the OSF HealthCare Cancer Institute, says those risks can quietly build over time.

"Farmers who are out in the sun all of the time might get skin cancers across the head and neck areas. As they get older and their immune system declines, those become more numerous," Dr. McGee says. "Sometimes that's a prelude to getting a melanoma."

Sun exposure, immunity and cumulative risk

Melanoma risk is influenced by both genetics and sun exposure. That exposure doesn’t always come from a single event. Gradual, day-after-day sun exposure – common in farming and outdoor work – can be just as harmful as intense sun exposure that causes blistering sunburns or sun poisoning.

Repeated skin blistering from sunburn has been linked to the development of more aggressive melanoma later in life. As people age, natural changes in immune function can make it harder for the body to recognize and repair damaged cells, increasing cancer risk.

Occupational patterns also matter. For example, truck drivers who spend years with one arm exposed to the sun through a window may face a higher risk of melanoma on that consistently exposed side compared to the other.

New research links agriculture and melanoma risk

Recent research adds an important environmental and agricultural layer to the melanoma conversation. After analyzing five years of cancer registry data researchers identified a cluster of elevated melanoma rates across a 15-county region of south central Pennsylvania, affecting adults over the age of 50. People in that region were significantly more likely to develop melanoma than residents elsewhere in the state.

Importantly, the increased risk was not limited to strictly rural areas. The cluster included both rural and metropolitan counties, suggesting melanoma risk can extend beyond traditionally “outdoor-only” assumptions.

Even after accounting for ultraviolet (UV) radiation levels and socioeconomic factors, two strong patterns emerged: counties with higher amounts of cultivated cropland and counties with greater herbicide use had notably higher melanoma rates. Previous studies referenced by the researchers suggest certain agricultural chemicals may increase sensitivity to sunlight and interfere with immune function or cause DNA damage – all of which may contribute to melanoma development over time.

Understanding melanoma biology and treatment advances

"Melanomas are all related but can have different molecular signatures that are associated with the underlying cause of the melanoma, region of the body and demographic factors," Dr. McGee points out.

Those molecular differences can offer important clues about which treatments may be most effective. One example is BRAF-related melanoma, which involves a specific genetic change within the tumor. Identifying those changes allows care teams to personalize treatment plans.

Melanoma is also categorized by where it starts in the body. Cutaneous melanoma begins in the skin, while mucosal melanomas develop in areas like the mouth or genital tract. Each type behaves differently and may require a different treatment approach.

Imaging, staging and immune response

Diagnosis often begins with a biopsy of a suspicious skin lesion. From there, doctors may evaluate nearby lymph nodes and use advanced imaging – such as PET scans or MRI scans of the brain – to determine if the cancer has spread. This staging process provides a clearer picture of both disease extent and tumor biology.

Genetic testing of various types can be used to predict treatment response, assess the likelihood of spread, or determine increased risk for subsequent cancers, helping guide both treatment and future surveillance.

Radiation, immunotherapy and a changing treatment landscape

Radiation has traditionally been used to treat melanoma that has spread to the brain or bones. However, melanoma cells contain precursor chemicals that help create melanin pigment, which can act as a radioprotective compound. That protection can make standard radiation doses less effective.

Dr. McGee says delivering a larger dose of radiation all at once can overcome that barrier.

"More and more we're seeing that immunotherapy is coming into play for a possible treatment of melanoma. We've known for a long time that melanomas can act weirdly," Dr. McGee points out. "There have been a lot of reports that were thought to be just happenstance of patients treated with radiosurgery for brain metastases for melanoma, who then had other lesions in their body, get better as well. Those weren't radiated."

In some cases, radiation appears to trigger an immune response. Radiation can cause tumor cells to release antigens, signaling the immune system to attack melanoma cells elsewhere in the body. Combining radiation therapy with immunotherapy is an approach increasingly used for melanoma and other skin cancers.

Dr. McGee now commonly uses a single, high-dose radiosurgery approach. He recently treated a patient with 23 brain metastases in one session that lasted about 20 minutes, with strong responses seen across all lesions. Understanding the underlying biology of melanoma has helped improve these outcomes.

Immunotherapy and survival trends

Immunotherapy has become a powerful option in melanoma treatment, helping the immune system better recognize and destroy cancer cells. These advances are reflected in national survival trends.

According to the American Cancer Society, melanoma death rates in the United States declined sharply between 2013 and 2022, largely due to treatment improvements.

For 2025, the American Cancer Society estimates:

• Nearly 105,000 new melanoma diagnoses
• More than 8,400 melanoma-related deaths nationwide

Melanoma risk increases with age, with the average diagnosis occurring at 66. However, it remains one of the more common cancers in young adults, particularly young women. Lighter skin tone is a significant risk factor, though melanoma can affect people of all skin colors.

Prevention and the role of primary care

While not all melanoma risk can be eliminated, everyday choices can make a difference. Wearing sunscreen, choosing protective clothing, limiting prolonged sun exposure, moderating alcohol intake and avoiding blistering sunburns can all help reduce risk.

Primary care teams play a key role in prevention and early detection.

"One of our major projects is going to be getting our primary care offices to get equipped with tools to help motivate people to reduce their cancer risk through things that are tolerable for them to do," Dr. McGee says. "This gives them the hope that we can reduce their cancer risks."

Increasingly, computer applications and artificial intelligence (AI) are showing promise to help patients and providers sort out suspicious lesions that need to be prioritized for evaluation vs. lesions that have a lower risk of being cancerous.

For people living and working in rural and agricultural communities, understanding how sun exposure, environmental factors and immune health intersect may be the key to catching melanoma earlier or preventing it altogether.

Video Interview Clips

Sydney Russell, oncology dietitian at OSF HealthCare and coordinator of the OSF HealthCare Cancer Institute Teaching Kitchen, says simple dietary additions like fiber-rich seeds, antioxidant-packed fruits and vegetables and plant-based proteins can help strengthen the body and improve your quality of life.

The power of ginger for nausea relief

Ginger has long been used as a natural remedy, and modern research supports its benefits, particularly for people undergoing chemotherapy. Ginger contains an antioxidant compound called gingerol, which helps reduce inflammation and manage nausea.

"Gingerol is one of the antioxidant compounds found in ginger. It's excellent; from reducing chronic inflammation to helping relieve joint and muscle pain," Russell says. "It also helps manage nausea. Many of my patients undergoing oncology treatment are struggling with nausea. So, ginger tea, ginger broth and ginger smoothies can be great ways to help and keep nausea at bay."

Antioxidants: “Eating the rainbow”

Antioxidants are found in a wide variety of fruits and vegetables and play a role in supporting overall health and reducing cancer risk. Russell encourages people to focus on variety.

"We refer to it as eating the rainbow," Russell says. Adding all kinds of berries, fruits (like oranges) and veggies (leafy greens) into our meals daily can help add much-needed antioxidants into our lives, she adds.

"It's important we add protein and fiber (into our diets). I would encourage emphasizing antioxidants as well. That is going to support our overall health, but specifically when we're talking about cancer and ways to reduce our cancer risk," Russell says. "Those antioxidant-rich foods can be an excellent thing to include in our diets."

Fiber: A hidden powerhouse

Many Americans do not get enough fiber in their daily diets, yet it plays a key role in digestive health, blood sugar balance and cholesterol management.

It's a "hidden powerhouse," Russell says. Pumpkin seeds are a great way to add fiber into your diet, and you can add them to things like yogurt parfaits, granola and baked goods. This feeds the bacteria in your gut to promote a healthy gut microbiome. It also keeps your blood sugars balanced and helps with cholesterol.

Russell says vitamins and minerals help our bodies function better overall. Pumpkin seeds have magnesium and zinc in them, which are great for our immune system and support both heart health and hormone health. This is impactful for those in their cancer journey, helping to keep their bodies strong.

Plant-based proteins that support gut health

Plant-based proteins can be an excellent option for those looking to diversify their diet or reduce meat intake without sacrificing nutrition.

Lentils are versatile and a great way to get that needed fiber and protein and can be a substitute for meat. Not ready to fully give up meat? Russell says you can mix the lentils with meat and go half and half.

Tempeh lettuce tomato (TLT) is an alternative to a BLT. The tempeh is a plant-based protein source and is much firmer than tofu. It can have a bacon-like flavor when marinated in a mixture of low sodium soy sauce, maple syrup and liquid smoke. It can be found in the health foods section or plant-based section in the grocery store.

Tempeh is great for gut health, adding prebiotics into our diets.

Fruit that does more than taste good

Some fruits offer unique benefits beyond vitamins and antioxidants. Golden kiwis, for example, are easier to eat for some patients and provide hydration and digestive support.

Golden kiwis have great fiber found in the skin, and are sweeter than green kiwis, so they're easier to eat. They also have fantastic vitamin C levels and help keep you hydrated. They can help relieve constipation as well.

A fresh start in the new year

Russell encourages people to view the new year as an opportunity to explore new foods and expand their dietary habits.

"New Year is the perfect time to start thinking about healthy eating, it's a fresh start. The importance of trying new foods would be to expand your palette. There are so many different flavors and textures out there, as well as so many different health benefits from expanding that palette," Russell says.

By focusing on whole foods, fiber, antioxidants and nutrient-rich ingredients, Russell emphasizes that small, sustainable changes can make a meaningful difference, especially for those navigating cancer care and recovery.

It’s always important to speak with your oncology team first about dietary decisions.

Video Interview Clips

B-ROLL

Designed to significantly improve diagnostic accuracy, efficiency and patient access, the Omni Legend represents a major advancement in mobile PET/CT capabilities for both rural and urban populations.  As is tradition for OSF HealthCare, the mobile unit was officially blessed during a ceremony in Pontiac, Illinois where the first patient will receive services using the new mobile platform.

“We’re proud to be partnering with Shared Medical Services on our new PET/CT mobile unit to increase patient capacity and reduce pressure on our in-house scanners,” said Derrick Frasier, president of OSF HealthCare Saint James – John W. Albrecht Medical Center in Pontiac. “The rapid deployment and the consistency of technology will enhance the quality of care and ultimately allow patients to receive timely scans closer to home.”

The mobile unit will be rotating among hospitals within the OSF Ministry with this current schedule:

• Monday (every other)-OSF HealthCare Saint Clare Medical Center in Princeton
• Tuesday-OSF HealthCare Saint James – John W. Albrecht Medical Center in Pontiac
• Wednesday-OSF HealthCare Little Company of Mary Medical Center in Evergreen Park
• Thursday-OSF Healthcare Holy Family Medical Center in Monmouth
• Friday-OSF HealthCare Saint Anthony’s Medical Center in Alton
• Saturday-OSF HealthCare Sacred Heart Medical Center in Danville

The GE HealthCare Omni Legend Digital PET/CT platform delivers exceptional sensitivity and resolution through its novel digital detector technology, enabling improved lesion detectability and more personalized treatment planning. The system also incorporates AI-enabled workflow tools that simplify scanner operation, reduce manual steps and help improve scan consistency. Faster scan times and lower dose capabilities support a more comfortable patient experience while maintaining high diagnostic confidence.

Kate Barth, vice president, OnDemand Services, and chief nursing officer, OSF OnCall, emphasized the value of this collaboration. “Demand for PET/CT imaging continues to grow—especially for cancer and cardiac care. SMS has been a strong partner, supporting our protocols, helping launch the mobile service, and ensuring a smooth workflow for our Mission Partners (employees) and those we serve.”

Barth continued, “Our Mission is to provide the greatest care and love to our patients, and expanding access to advanced imaging is an important part of that. This partnership with SMS helps us get patients scheduled faster while maintaining the extraordinary level of care for which OSF is known.”

President of Shared Medical Services, Maureen Kenney, added, "The efficiency of this technology from GE HealthCare creates a win-win for providers and patients. Bringing high-performance precision digital PET/CT into our mobile fleet expands access to advanced cancer and cardiac imaging.”

Video clips of Derrick Frasier and Kate Barth

B-roll-Mobile CT-PET Imaging Facility Blessing

When it comes to lowering your risk of cancer, what you add to your plate can make a meaningful difference.

Jeanna Rich, an oncology registered dietitian with OSF Cancer Support Services, says the key is nourishing the body with whole grains, colorful fruits and vegetables, fiber-rich foods and Omega-3s.

As someone who works closely with cancer patients, Rich encourages people to think of food as a daily opportunity to fuel the immune system and support long-term health.

Why fiber matters

Most Americans fall short on fiber; a nutrient vital for good gut bacteria, healthy digestion and lowering the risk of colorectal cancer.

Rich says increasing fiber can be simple. Start by working whole grains into meals: oats, wild rice, flax seed, walnuts, pumpkin seeds and chia seeds. They can easily be sprinkled onto cottage cheese, Greek yogurt or oatmeal to boost texture and nutrition.

Research backs up these benefits. A large group of researchers from 15 international cohort studies, including scientists from the American Cancer Society (ACS), analyzed data from more than 842,000 men across North America, Europe, Australia and Asia. Their findings suggest that dietary fiber may lower the risk of developing advanced and aggressive forms of prostate cancer. Additional ACS findings note that whole grains may help fight against advanced prostate cancer.

Rich offers a practical approach to building a fiber-forward breakfast.

"Another great way to add fiber is with our yogurt. A lot of us make yogurt parfaits, but here's a way to take it to the next level. Add chia seeds, flax seeds, pumpkin seeds and walnuts," Rich says. "Top them with berries, which contain a ton of fiber."

Berries – whether fresh or frozen – are packed with vitamins, antioxidants and deep pigments that signal high nutrient content. Rich recommends buying frozen berries and storing them in the fridge to thaw, making them easy to add into yogurt, cottage cheese or morning oatmeal. Frozen produce can be a cost-effective option, especially when items are out of season, Rich says. Thanks to the flash-freezing process, these foods retain their nutrients and offer the same high-quality nutrition as fresh varieties, she adds.

Other high-fiber additions include quinoa, lentils and canned beans, which are paired well with salads, vegetables and hearty meals.

The power of Omega-3s

Omega-3 fatty acids play a crucial role in reducing inflammation and strengthening immune cells.

Some plant-based Omega-3s are found in foods like ground flax seed, but Rich notes that fish-based sources are more efficiently used by the body.

"Some Omega-3s will be found in ground flax seed. However, your body doesn't utilize it as effectively. So, you want to go for those Omega-3s, found in salmon. Keep it frozen in your freezer and choose products that are wild caught. That will have a higher concentration of Omega-3s," Rich says. "Omega-3s help decrease inflammation in our body and increases our fighter cells, so it's a wonderful way to protect from chronic disease and cancer."

Salmon can easily be added into breakfast dishes, salads or purchased as salmon patties. Canned sardines are another convenient, nutrient-dense option.

A need for more vegetables, and more variety

Despite growing awareness of the benefits of produce, Americans still struggle to get enough vegetables into their diet.

"A lot of us are not getting enough vegetables. Many Americans are getting a decent amount of fruit, but vegetables are the tricky ones. When it comes to veggies, diversity is key," Rich says. "On average, most of us only use the same 10 vegetables in our eating routine."

Rich encourages using easy steamer bags filled with multiple vegetables. These mixes often include an array of colors – a good sign you're getting a wide range of nutrients that help fight cancer and chronic disease.

The benefits of polyphenols

Colorful fruits and vegetables bring another powerful nutrient group: polyphenols.

"Polyphenols, flavonoids and lycopene are some key words you may be hearing. Those are the things that are activated in your body and helping protect you," Rich says. "Polyphenols are becoming very popular and are in studies about the gut microbiome. That is considered a source of prebiotics, as well. All these different colors can help feed that good bacteria that helps your immune system be healthy."

Lycopene – found in red and orange produce like tomatoes and peppers – is known to help protect against prostate cancer. Cooked tomatoes are especially beneficial because heat increases lycopene concentration.

Rich suggests adding tomatoes into soups, stews and chili to boost cancer-fighting potential.

What kinds of cancer can a healthy diet protect against?

According to Rich, the right dietary patterns can help protect against a wide range of cancers:

• Breast
• Ovarian
• Gynecologic
• Prostate
• Colorectal
• Gastric

Fiber, Omega-3s and polyphenols are particularly powerful against colorectal and gastric cancers.

Additionally, managing weight through a balanced diet can reduce estrogen production in adipose tissue — a factor that increases breast cancer risk.

Fiber, protein, fruits and vegetables help reduce that risk and help us live a healthier life.

Surprising ways to get more protein

Protein also plays a crucial role in prevention and is especially important for those undergoing treatment.

Rich offers several easy, creative ways to boost protein intake:

• Scrambled eggs: Whisk in cottage cheese to make them “extra fluffy and packed with more protein.”
• Greek yogurt: Blend into red tomato sauce or pasta dishes or use it to make spinach artichoke dip.
• Oatmeal: Add kefir to boost protein and probiotics, helping reduce blood sugar spikes and inflammation.

Foods and drinks to limit or avoid

To best support your health, Rich recommends minimizing:

• Ultra-processed foods
• Artificial additives
• Alcohol
• Excess red meats
• Color dyes
• Processed meats

These items contribute to inflammation and can increase the risk of several types of cancer.

To learn more about how cooking and nutrition work together to improve your health, visit the OSF HealthCare Cancer Institute Teaching Kitchen's website. 

Since 1988, Dr. McGee has been known for his steadfast commitment to excellence in clinical care and early detection of cancer throughout central Illinois.

"I welcome my role as president of the OSF Healthcare Cancer Institute as it further facilitates all those involved in our mission to improve health for those living in rural America, and, by our example, others around the world.  The development of the Institute has been driven by the values of the OSF Ministry that provide us with renewed hope and courage to meet every challenge,” says Dr. James McGee, president of OSF HealthCare Cancer Institute. “The spirit of the OSF Ministry helps us in our weakness and causes us to work together for the good. Our people have been chosen by God for this work; they prove it every day.   My role is to support them as caregivers to those we serve."

In this elevated role, Dr. McGee is responsible for driving the core vision of the OSF Cancer Institute: establishing a world-leading cancer program to improve the health of patients and the communities served throughout the OSF Ministry.

“Dr. McGee brings exceptional clinical expertise, visionary leadership, and a deep commitment to prevention and advancing cancer care,” said Kimberly Russo, CEO, Central Region, OSF HealthCare. “His dedication to innovation, research, and compassionate care aligns perfectly with our vision of treating the whole person and delivering world-class, patient-centered care that shapes the future of cancer.”

Under Dr. McGee’s direction, the OSF Cancer Institute significantly exceeded operational and research expectations. His leadership has been instrumental in the expansion of OSF’s advanced high-dose-rate brachytherapy program; implementation of proton therapy; and the successful recruitment of top medical oncology, radiation oncology and research talent.

Some of Dr. McGee’s recent accomplishments include collaborating with the University of Illinois Cancer Center at Urbana, the University of Illinois College of Medicine and Origin Commercial Ventures, which led to the development of the Breakthrough Treatment Center at the OSF Cancer Institute and the BEAT Cancer Research Initiative. 

These efforts bring early phase cancer control and treatment to patients with an emphasis on engineering to advance cancer care. 

Dr. McGee earned his Bachelor of Science from Quincy College and his medical degree from the Stritch School of Medicine at Loyola University in Chicago. He went on to earn a Master of Health Care Management from Harvard School of Public Health in Boston.

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in the United States, says Heather Thompson. And she would know. Thompson is a breast health navigator at OSF HealthCare, helping patients navigate appointments, insurance and more. And Thompson is, herself, a breast cancer survivor.

But what many in the cancer space might not realize, Thompson says, is that breast cancer can affect men. It’s rare, with 1% of men statistically getting it, Thompson says. But it’s worth knowing how to spot, prevent and treat it.

“There can be severe cases. A lot of times, men don’t notice things or worry about things like women might,” Thompson says. “The cancer is there longer and has a chance to metastasize [spread] and get into their lymph nodes. A lot of times, men will get gynecomastia. That can cause swelling in the breast tissue and a mass.” Those gynecomastia masses can limit a man’s ability to feel a cancerous lump, delaying care.

Breast cancer basics

Genetics (i.e. a family history of cancer), alcohol use and smoking all put you at a higher risk for breast cancer.

So do men need to do monthly self-checks and get mammograms like women are told to? Not always, Thompson says. You should talk with your primary care provider about a plan, especially if you have a family history of breast cancer. That plan could involve genetic testing or blood work to check estrogen levels (since estrogen feeds cancer cells). But day to day, Thompson says to just keep an eye on your breasts. Look for inverted nipples, lumps, redness or achiness.

“Men really do not require regular screening or imaging for breast tissue. That is not in the American Cancer Society guidelines or any other guidelines,” Thompson says. “However, men should monitor their bodies for anything irregular. Then, get it addressed right away. Don’t wait. You might be in that 1%.” Thompson adds that if any type of cancer spreads, it can be fatal.

Treatment for male breast cancer typically involves a mastectomy, or the removal of breast tissue, Thompson says. This could be after cancer is found. Or it could be preventive if you’re at high risk, like the case of actress Angelina Jolie.

“There’s not much tissue that a man has,” Thompson points out, allaying fears that your chest will look significantly different. She says you won’t have a nipple, and your chest will be flat. But that’s about it. “We will still test those lymph nodes during surgery to make sure the cancer hasn’t spread.

“After that, there’s special testing called oncotype,” she adds. This looks at the likelihood of cancer returning. “If it’s a high score, those people sometimes have to have chemotherapy or radiation.”

Changing minds

Thompson knows men can be apprehensive about seeing a doctor in general. But when breast cancer enters the conversation? She’s heard things like “I’m not a woman. I don’t need to worry about that.”

At OSF Moeller Cancer Center in Alton, Illinois, where Thompson works, she sees one to two men per month come in for imaging. Most, she says, are cases of gynecomastia that can be managed by the person’s primary care provider. But some do hear the words “It’s cancer.”

“I tell them they’re not alone,” Thompson says. “Other men have gone through this. We have a roadmap to treat it.”

Learn more

Read more about cancer care, specifically breast cancer care, on the OSF HealthCare website. Cancer care at OSF includes the OSF Cancer Institute in Peoria, Illinois.

Interview clips

Related stories

Read other breast cancer stories on the OSF Newsroom
Read breast cancer stories on the OSF blog

A federal panel recently advised women get a mammogram every other year starting at age 40, rather than 50.

And the American Cancer Society estimates that in 2023, nearly 300,000 women in the United States will learn they have breast cancer. About 43,700 women will lose their life due to the disease.

The headlines are reminders to know your breast cancer risks. While many risks are out of your control, there’s just as much you can control, says Heather Thompson, a breast health navigator at OSF HealthCare.

Major risks you can control

• Active lifestyle and healthy eating: Thompson puts it plainly. If you eat junk, you’ll feel like junk. And any exercise will give you more energy and burn fat. Fat produces estrogen, which feeds cancer cells.

“You want to make sure you’re well-maintained with your weight, even after menopause,” Thompson says.

• Taking hormones: This impacts your ovaries, reducing or adding estrogen. Whether you’re at a routine appointment or you have been diagnosed with breast cancer, talk to your provider about what hormones you’re taking.

“We don’t encourage people who are having menopause symptoms [like hot flashes] to take hormones,” Thompson lists as an example. “We encourage other things to help treat those. It eliminates those estrogen cells increasing.”

• Alcohol and smoking: They are a risk for any type of cancer. But Thompson says one drink per day can increase a woman’s breast cancer risk by 12%. Alcohol is sugary, and that’s a fuel for estrogen.
   
• Night shift work: Thompson says our body expects to sleep when the sun goes down. Night work throws that off.

                “You’re getting artificial light all night. That changes the melatonin that the body naturally makes,” Thompson explains. “When your melatonin is off, it increases estrogen.”

                If you don’t work the traditional day job, see if you can work different shifts so you are not up all night all the time.

Risks you can’t control

• Age: Thompson says women generally develop breast cancer at age 50 and above. 
   
• Family history and genetic mutations: A family history of breast cancer puts you at a higher risk. Thompson says the higher risk is often seen on the person’s mother’s side of the family. For example, your mother and her sister (your aunt) may have breast cancer, and so you’d need to talk to your provider about your risk.

              Some women diagnosed with breast cancer and who have a family history may undergo a genetic test.

“Those tests can tell us if this is something being passed down from generation to generation,” Thompson says.

• Reproductive history: Young women who develop menstruation before age 12 and women who go through menopause after age 55 have an increased risk.

“That gives them a longer time with their ovaries working. They’re producing estrogen,” Thompson says.

• Dense breast: More tissue and less fat mean a dense breast and an increased cancer risk, Thompson says. Usually, the younger you are, the denser your breast is. The density of your breast is something that will be noted on every mammogram result. Thompson says mammogram technology is getting better at finding cancer in dense tissue. An early diagnosis may mean a better outcome.

Takeaways

Make sure your health care provider knows about your circumstances so they can decide on the best preventive care, like a different schedule for mammograms. Some of the information to have handy: a family history of cancer and any physical change you noticed during your monthly breast self-check.

Learn more about breast health and breast cancer care on the OSF HealthCare website.

Interview clips

Previous coverage

A breast cancer survivor's toolkit
Say yes ma'am to the mammogram
FDA dense breast rule promotes earlier cancer detection
A woman's battle with breast cancer
Prevention of breast cancer starts with awareness

There are more than 18 million cancer survivors in the United States.

October is National Breast Cancer Awareness Month. Across the country, stories will be shared, fundraising walks will be held, and just like every month, more women will be diagnosed with breast cancer. For survivors, it’s also a time of reflection and continuing to live ‘a new normal,’ post-cancer.

When it comes to cancer, most people think about physical pain that is often associated with a diagnosis. But the emotional toll that comes with this serious disease can many times be just as devastating.

Those feelings can include fear, denial, anger, sadness and more. And the wave of emotions tends to change hourly, daily and even minute to minute. A cancer diagnosis now becomes all-consuming for both the person and perhaps loved ones as well.

And that can remain true even after the cancer has come and gone.

“Life after a diagnosis completely turns your life upside down,” says Nicole Wagner, an oncology nurse navigator for OSF HealthCare. “It's really hard to find your footing; hard to find your bearings. It's hard to find something solid to hold on to after something like [a cancer diagnosis].” 

Wagner encourages people to find ways to cope with their emotions. For example, build a support group of people you feel comfortable talking to. Find ways to relax, such as meditation, guided imagery and exercise. Choose when and how to talk about your cancer.

If you find that you’re still struggling emotionally, it might be time to seek help. Start by speaking to your doctor or someone you can confide in.

Support groups are helpful for survivors currently going through treatment. But they are also invaluable for people post-cancer. Wagner says newly diagnosed patients can learn significant lessons sitting alongside other survivors who are years removed from their own diagnosis.

“Maybe there are things we hold back from our family because we don't want them to worry,” says Wagner. “[A support group] is a safe place to share and be able to talk to someone who knows exactly how you’re feeling.”

Wagner says it’s natural to have a fear of recurrence of cancer. But it’s also crucial to give yourself time to heal after treatment. Try not to dwell on your cancer experience, she says. But if you do feel like something’s not right, remember to check in with your medical team.

“It’s important to focus on the things you can control. Cancer takes control of things that you wish it hadn't,” says Wagner. “And I think focusing on the things you can control, like getting your rest, being with loved ones, friends, family, singing, whatever brings you joy, being in nature, those are things we can control.”

Some people will adapt slowly to life without any more appointments or treatments. Many survivors have been involved in active care for weeks, months or longer. So, what now? Wagner encourages survivors to stay busy, whether that’s returning to work or finding new activities such as hobbies, exercise or re-entering social circles you were a part of before your cancer diagnosis.

And continue to accept any support that comes your way.

“I think there is a tendency to want to rush right back to your old life – or what looks like normal,” Wagner says. “I think it's important for families to remember that too. Once we get through treatment, it isn't over. There's still a lot of healing to do, and a lot of support is needed.” 

For more information on cancer care, including treatments, patient education and support services, visit OSF HealthCare.

Interview Clips 

“I found a lump.”

It’s the unsettling phrase providers sometimes hear from women when they are performing their monthly breast self-check for cancer signs.

But lumps are not the only thing to watch for, says Heather Thompson, an OSF HealthCare breast health navigator who is herself a breast cancer survivor.

Signs to know

Each month, keep these in mind.

• Lumps, the most talked about sign.

“A lot of women, especially younger women, have very dense breasts. Sometimes it feels like a bag of rice with little bumps. That’s just the tissue,” Thompson says. “When you feel a hard nodule, fixed in place or sometimes mobile, you definitely want to get that reviewed.”

• Skin changes. This could be an orange peel skin appearance, flaky skin, irritation or a new dimple.
   
• Unexpected release of fluid or blood from the nipple. For example, if you are not breastfeeding, a nipple discharge would be unexpected.
   
• Unexpected inversion of a nipple.
   
• One breast larger than the other, or generally, any unexpected change to breast size.
   
• Any new pain in breast area.
   
• Tenderness, swelling, pain or lumps under your armpit. This is one some women may overlook since it doesn’t deal with the breasts.

“Your lymphatic system drains to armpits,” Thompson explains. “So, if there’s anything going on in the breast, it’s going to show up in your armpit eventually.”

When and how

Thompson recommends women pick a date each month for a self-check and stick with it. The first of each month, for example. This way, you can put it on your calendar, and it’s easy to remember. And, she says the feel of your breasts will change as days go by. But, choosing the same time each month gives you a baseline feel and helps avoid false positives. Thompson also advises making your chosen date a week after your menstrual cycle ends.

Thompson says many women find it convenient to examine themselves in the shower. Regardless of where, she says a good technique is to move your fingertips in a circle from the outside to the center of the breast, pressing down and feeling for abnormalities. Then, do the same under each armpit. And also, glance in the mirror for a good look at visual signs, such as one breast larger than the other.

Some women have a trusted adult, like a spouse, also feel their breast for a second opinion. Others may take photos during their self-check to show their provider. Both ideas are acceptable, Thompson says.

“When you go to the doctor, they can look at the picture. If the abnormality has changed or gone back to normal, then we know it’s nothing to really worry about. But if the issue has increased in size or looks worse, it’s something to be concerned about,” she says.

What happens next

If you find something concerning in a self-check, call your primary care provider or OB/GYN right away and explain what you found. Thompson says the provider will likely order a diagnostic mammogram, an outpatient procedure at a doctor’s office. The radiologist should read the results on the spot. If a closer look is needed, you may undergo an ultrasound, another way to image the breast, or a biopsy, which takes a tissue sample for testing.

It's important not to panic, Thompson stresses. If you have severe pain or an abscess, you should go to the emergency department. But for abnormal findings on a self-check, that’s not necessary.

“If you go to the emergency department with a lump, they’re going to send you home, and you’re going to have to go through the process of calling your provider.

“Breast cancer is not going to change that drastically in three to four weeks,” Thompson adds. “It’s not going to make that big of a difference. However, you want to get yourself scheduled and be proactive. Don’t say ‘Oh let me watch it for a few months and see if it changes.’”

But do keep track of any changes between when you make the appointment and appointment day.

Why it’s important

Thompson says a monthly self-check goes hand-in-hand with regularly scheduled mammograms as the most important ways to prevent breast cancer. You should talk to your primary care provider or OB/GYN about what mammogram schedule is right for you.

“Typically, we do a mammogram every year to get the breast image,” Thompson says. “But during the year, things can develop that you don’t notice. Some things can develop very quickly.

“By doing a monthly exam, you learn your body. You know how it feels,” she adds. “Each month you may say ‘Well I didn’t remember that there last month.’ So you can address it right away.”

Early detection is key for a better outcome. Conversely, unchecked breast cancer is a major killer in the United States. The American Cancer Society estimates about 43,700 women will lose their life to the disease in 2023.

Learn more

Read more about breast health and breast cancer on the OSF HealthCare website.

Interview clips

B-roll

Related stories

OSF HealthCare Newsroom breast cancer stories
OSF HealthCare Blog breast cancer stories

Leading the charge for cancer care across the region, OSF HealthCare Cancer Institute in Peoria, Illinois, will be offering two ovarian cancer clinical trials for patients.

Clinical trial #1 | GOG 3115

The first trial, which launched in early September 2025, gives select ovarian cancer patients the option to receive an antibody drug conjugate (ADC) that targets specific cancer cells. OSF Cancer Institute will be a part of a cooperative group trial with the GOG Partners program, including multiple sites across the United States.

Michelle Rowland, MD, a gynecologic oncologist with OSF HealthCare, says it will allow for lower dosing, which is an improvement from traditional chemotherapy. This creates fewer side effects, while still being more effective.

"Recently in patients who have had their ovarian cancer recur, we've noted that we have a new drug called mirvetuximab soravtansine with Carboplatin, which works really well in those patients. This is now a trial looking at using this drug in cancer patients with a new diagnosis," Dr. Rowland explains. “This changes what the standard of care is and hopefully improves the responses we're getting and lessening the side effects of their treatment. This will be for patients who are newly diagnosed with ovarian cancer and require chemotherapy."

Common side effects for chemotherapy patients with ovarian cancer:

• Nausea 
• Fatigue 
• Neuropathy (numbness and tingling in hands and feet)
• Bone pain 

Dr. Rowland says OSF Cancer Institute is currently looking for patients with a new ovarian cancer diagnosis for the upcoming trial.

Any new ovarian cancer patient who has not received chemotherapy before would be eligible to try this new drug. 

Clinical trial #2

A second study, which is a national cooperative group trial, is set to offer new treatments for patients who have already undergone ovarian cancer treatment. This is for patients who did well during the treatment, but their cancer came back. 

"These treatments typically involve some of the antibody drug conjugates, but also immunotherapy and combinations of those medications. This gives patients new options they might not see," Dr. Rowland says. "So, for someone who is seen in our system, or seen elsewhere and wants a different treatment option, that will be open here." 

The second trial is expected to launch in late 2025, as OSF HealthCare plans to open additional trials for patients.

Ovarian cancer common facts

For a long time, ovarian cancer has been called the "silent killer." Dr. Rowland wants to dispel that myth, because there are signs and symptoms to look out for, she says. 

Ovarian cancer symptoms:

• Abdominal bloating
• Changes in bowel habits, such as constipation
• Pelvic or abdominal pain
• Lack of appetite
• Feeling full after a few bites of food
• Constantly feeling the need to urinate

"Those are the most common and can be related to a lot of different things. So, if you're having these symptoms, we encourage patients to reach out to their doctor,” Dr. Rowland says.

For breast cancer patients, to be eligible for genetic testing, there are a few guidelines people need to meet. For ovarian cancer, all it takes to receive genetic testing is to have the disease. This is because a larger number of ovarian cancer patients will have a genetic mutation, roughly 15-20%, Dr. Rowland says. 

Robotic-assisted surgeries are an option for select surgeries at OSF HealthCare. Surgeons can use the brand-new da Vinci 5 robotic system by Intuitive. Dr. Rowland says she has seen a benefit for ovarian cancer patients since using the new technology. 

An ovarian cancer survivor group is having a walk at the OSF Cancer Institute on Saturday, September 20. This gives a way for people to support ovarian cancer survivors and learn more about the disease. More information about the 2025 Teal Butterfly Blessings Ovarian Cancer Awareness Walk can be found here.

For more information about gynecologic cancer services and resources at OSF, visit the OSF HealthCare website.

Video Interview Clips

September is Prostate Cancer Awareness Month. It's a reminder that the disease is manageable when caught early.

Uwais Zaid, MD, a urologist who provides care at OSF HealthCare, is urging men to get screening appointments on their calendar at the right time. That’s critical, he says, because some people who develop prostate cancer will not show symptoms.

“It is something we certainly do take seriously in urology,” Dr. Zaid says.

What is the prostate?

The prostate is a male gland about the size and shape of a walnut. It surrounds the upper part of the urethra, or the tube that carries urine from the bladder. The prostate makes some of the fluid that’s part of semen.

Risk factors

Dr. Zaid says the risk for prostate cancer increases with age.

Other risks: “African American men are at a higher risk,” Dr. Zaid says. “Certain dietary things like too much red meat and greasy, fatty food. And certain type of exposures such as Agent Orange for some of our veterans.”

And like most other ailments, a family history of prostate cancer should put you on higher alert.

Screening: how and when

Dr. Zaid says prostate cancer screening involves two simple tests. One is a blood test that measures the amount of a hormone produced by your prostate called prostate-specific antigen (PSA). An abnormally high reading might warrant further examination by your health care provider.

The other test is a digital rectal exam, where your provider will feel for lumps on the prostate.

Don’t get that confused with a colonoscopy, the more invasive screening that looks for colon cancer, Dr. Zaid says.

“It doesn’t require any special or horrible bowel prep,” Dr. Zaid says of the prostate exam. “It’s about a 20 second thing we do in the clinic that can save your life.”

You should always see your health care provider anytime something seems off with your body. But the American Urological Association has guidelines for when to get a prostate cancer screening.

“For most men, we want them to start screening with an annual PSA [test] at age 54 to 69,” Dr. Zaid explains. “For certain men, you want to start earlier if you have a risk factor.”

After age 69, Dr. Zaid says you should talk to your primary care provider about what screenings are right for you.

What should you not do?

Don’t think this type of cancer is so common that you should just let it run its course. Dr. Zaid says there are aggressive types of prostate cancer that can be deadly.

Also, Dr. Zaid warns of herbal remedies for cancer in general. He says your best bet is to see a doctor.

Treatment

Dr. Zaid says treatment for prostate cancer depends, in part, on how much the cancer has spread.

If it’s contained to the prostate gland, he says radiation (sending radiation waves to destroy the cancer cells) or surgery to partially or fully remove the gland are options.

“If the prostate cancer has escaped the prostate gland, there are a lot of treatment options,” Dr. Zaid explains. “This is actually a very active area [in medicine] with all sorts of research and new medications.”

Hormone therapy may be an option here, the doctor says.

“It’s very manageable,” Dr. Zaid says on treatment of the disease.

Interview clips

Previous coverage

OSF HealthCare library: Prostate cancer

OSF HealthCare Newsroom: Urinary incontinence and the link to prostate cancer

“My world was turned upside down.”

These are the words of 36-year-old Amanda Wlezen, from Poplar Grove, Illinois, who just found out she has a Stage 1 breast cancer known as invasive ductal carcinoma.

"Being so young, it was something I was not expecting. I honestly went in and thought I would get a full clean bill of health, like 'you're good to go,' but that was not the case," Wlezen says.

Aside from battling the disease, Wlezen is now also faced with another challenge. The potential of hair loss.

"(Your hair is) your identity. It's how you approach people and feel confident,” Wlezen adds.

Thanks to a generous donation by breast cancer survivor Patricia Cutilletta, chemotherapy patients now have an extra tool to help keep their hair during treatment. It’s known as scalp cooling and is offered across the OSF HealthCare Ministry at all six OSF cancer centers.

“The cooling cap can give you your confidence back, so I feel like that's going to help others," Wlezen says.

Scalp cooling allows the patient’s temperature to be brought down to 65 degrees Fahrenheit, which then reduces the amount of chemo that is absorbed by hair follicles. This, in turn, helps decrease the amount of hair loss. A cooling cap is used and personalized for the individual patient. It’s fitted to their head and is not reused.

While scalp cooling has been around for some time, the new equipment is much more user-friendly and accessible.

"The old machines are very large and cumbersome. You had to have someone bring dry ice. You almost had to have another person with you to make that successful," says Leah Goforth, manager of gynecological oncology at OSF HealthCare Cancer Institute in Peoria, Illinois. "This company we've partnered with, and the new designs, have made it more accessible and portable.”

Wlezen says this opportunity has given her a lot of reassurance during a difficult time.

"I honestly thought I was going to lose all my hair and that I didn't have an option. So, I am very grateful for this innovative product, and for giving it a shot and helping me to maintain these beautiful locks," Wlezen laughs.

This is a real challenge seen in many patients, says Julie Cline, manager of oncology services at OSF HealthCare Saint Anthony Medical Center in Rockford, Illinois.

"We have had some patients in the past ask if we were able to offer this, and we, at that time, were not. We have had some patients bring in their own supplies, which is way more costly for them to do,” Cline says. “So, this provides them with a tool to help lessen their anxiety and protect their self-image."

Michelle Rowland, MD, is a gynecologic oncologist at OSF Cancer Institute. She says scalp cooling can offer several benefits for the patient.

"It is important for the patient in terms of self-esteem and being able to continue doing things like their job, that they don't have to explain to everyone why their hair is falling out," Dr. Rowland says. "For some people, it's a level of comfort and confidence that they can carry through chemotherapy. That overall, I think, helps them tolerate it better."

Dr. Rowland says not all chemotherapy treatments cause hair loss, so it’s important for the patient and doctor to discuss if scalp cooling is the right option.

"For some of our treatments, it might only be effective for 30% of patients. For others, it might be much higher at 80%," Dr. Rowland says.

Aside from the emotional and mental benefit scalp cooling can provide, there can also be a physical benefit, Dr. Rowland adds.

"Losing your hair, oftentimes, is irritating to the scalp. We do have patients that have complications of losing their hair. It's not as simple as 'my hair fell out,' but you may have folliculitis (infection) across the scalp," Dr. Rowland says. "Keeping the scalp healthy and doing things for the scalp can help them avoid some of those complications."

Goforth says during a time when you feel like you don’t have much control, this technology changes that.

"It's that sense of empowerment,” Goforth agrees. “That was one of the big things that Pat (Cutilletta) has been very vocal about. It's not about vanity; it's about empowerment back to the patient during a very powerless-feeling time in their journey.”

Cline says her greatest satisfaction is giving the patients some power over their cancer.

"Patients come in here all the time, very teary eyed, very sad, because they have no control. They feel like cancer is controlling their life, so this just gives them that hope of having something that I can control. It helps lessen that anxiety, sometimes even helps them stay on their treatment plan and stay compliant with it,” Cline says.

Cline explains that the scalp cooling process starts 30 minutes before chemotherapy infusions. It then continues through the end of the treatment, and then depending on the treatment regimen, continues another two to three hours post treatment cooling.

Oftentimes the scalp cooling service is covered by insurance. The patient’s care team should submit the treatment to insurance before the scalp cooling service starts to get an idea of how much insurance will cover. The patient would then find out what if there is going to be any out of pocket costs.

If you’re in need of cancer support services and need help finding an appointment or a provider, visit the OSF HealthCare website.

Amanda Wlezen Video Interview Clips

Dr. Michelle Rowland Video Interview Clips

Julie Cline Video Interview Clips

Leah Goforth Video Interview Clips

Amaneigh (pronounced uh-MAHN-ee) Stevenson of Bloomington, Illinois, is a sassy 7-year-old girl who until January had never undergone surgery or even had a broken bone. But that month she was diagnosed with Stage 3 Hodgkin lymphoma following a biopsy the previous month. Amaneigh is currently undergoing IV chemotherapy treatment at OSF HealthCare Children's Hospital of Illinois in Peoria. Her treatment is expected to last six months.

Having cancer has been a difficult challenge for the girl who embraces challenges, her mom, Karisma Morris-Bush, says. This was not a challenge her daughter was prepared for as Amaneigh has always been full of energy.

“Ever since she was a little girl, she’s been very active. She’s in gymnastics, she’s done cheerleading, she likes to play outside, run around, cartwheels, flips, you name it. Since she was a baby, she’s been climbing on everything.”

Before January, Amaneigh had never missed a gymnastics practice. But the middle child with three brothers was sidelined from that activity for her safety after having a central venous port implanted to deliver chemotherapy and other medications directly to the bloodstream. The port makes treatment safer and more comfortable for frequent infusions or blood draws.

Concerned about protecting the port, Morris-Bush worried about her daughter riding a bike or playing with friends. That’s when Nick Kemp, an exercise physiologist with OSF Children's Hospital of Illinois, told her about PortGuard, a device he was working on designing with OSF Innovation Studio engineers that prevents damage to a port during contact activities.

“She has lots of friends who are also very active, and there were incidents in which she was bumped into. I was concerned about maybe it [the port] might be dislodged or put her at some type of risk, and he [Nick Kemp] told me that he was creating this PortGuard. He gave me the entire plan. This is when it was in the beginning stages, and I told him I thought it sounds wonderful.”

Kemp says he outlined his ideas to the Innovation engineers and told them his solution needed to be durable and comfortable.

“It needed to be lightweight, kind of mobile, something that wouldn’t get in the way during sports – that they could wear it and not have any type of disadvantage during their sport, so I really wanted it to be as comfortable as possible.”

Bracing for impact

OSF Innovation Studio engineer Reid Jockisch says they needed to create a divot in the design so that upon impact, the molded plastic would not contact the port that it was designed to protect. Jockisch explains engineers used a meter device to measure the force against the PortGuard as they hurled various size balls at high impact.

“We used balls from different sports – basketballs, baseballs. We threw them at the port to see and try to measure what kind of impact the port would have. That’s where the force gauge was. So, we measured what those numbers would be as compared to what it would be with no device, and we were able to get them to almost zero.”

That means the force on the port would be nearly zero with a high impact hit. Jockisch says they also tested the port’s durability and after pummeling it full force with a baseball bat, two-by-four and even a hammer, it was nearly indestructible.

The challenge, says Jockisch, was finding a balance between weight and comfort.

“We had to find lighter materials to encase the device such that when it gets attached with the supports, it’s able to stay in place. So, what’s been most helpful; there is patient feedback and their experiences wearing the device and what kind of activities were causing the device to shift around so we could design the straps in a way that supports the weight of the device.”

Morris-Bush was part of the prototype testing and says the design works, as she turns to Amaneigh and explains it.

“There is a spot right here. It’s kind of a circular spot, Amaneigh chimes in and says, “It goes over my port,” while mom adds, “Right, and that actually hugs the port and, in that spot, – and I can even put my hand over it – there’s space.” Amaneigh adds, “It’s like my port has gone into a mold.”

Morris-Bush says the hand washable PortGuard can even be used while her daughter is swimming. With lightweight straps connecting the guard in two places, it can be adjusted depending on the child’s size and what they’re wearing. Most of the time, Amaneigh puts it on by herself. She’s a big fan of the Port Guard because it put her back in action. Amaneigh even showed off a few of her gymnastics moves while wearing it.

“It makes me feel protected. It makes me feel safe. I don’t wear it often, but I wear it when I’m doing stuff I’m not supposed to do right now in this situation.” She adds, “It helps me, and I get to play with all the other kids. I love it a lot.”

For Kemp, that’s what his invention is all about. He’s excited that his idea to help pediatric cancer patients is doing just that.

“That’s the best part. It’s seeing the reactions and seeing them able to do activities and sports that they may not have felt as comfortable doing. So that’s the ultimate goal – to get them comfortable and bring them back to the normalcy that they were used to before treatment.”

The protective device is currently in use by 10 pediatric cancer patients. Kemp and OSF will be looking to collaborate with other children’s hospitals across the country to collect patient feedback. Once OSF Innovation Studio has collected additional feedback and has a final product, the goal is to make PortGuard available for as many kids as possible and ultimately scale production for wider use.

Karisma Morris-Bush

Nick Kemp, Reid Jockisch and Amaneigh Stevenson

B-roll-PortGuard and Amaneigh Stevenson playing

Not only are these bright red, juicy fruits filled with vitamins and minerals, but they can also lessen the risk of cancer, says Katrina Sommer, an advanced clinical dietitian with OSF HealthCare.

“They have these extra ‘bonus nutrients’ we call phytochemicals. They’re found in plant foods, and these help us fight inflammation and act as an antioxidant. This helps get the free radicals out of there that lessen the risk for cancer development,” Sommer says.

Sommer and her team at the OSF Cancer Institute in Peoria, Illinois work alongside cancer patients on what diet is best for them to fight cancer. She says plant foods play a huge role.

“We know a diet that is mostly plant-based, can help lower our risk for cancer and other diseases like heart disease and diabetes,” Sommer says. “It helps us keep a healthy weight, too.”

What is Lycopene?

“Lycopene is one of those phytochemicals. There’s a lot of different groups of these phytochemicals. One of them is called carotenoids. Carotenoids a lot of times will give the plant food its color. Lycopene is a type of carotenoid and gives the tomato that bright red or orange color,” Sommer says. “Lycopene is also found in watermelon, grapefruit and is the red or pink color you see.”

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) identified 72 human and animal studies and concluded that lycopene contained anti-cancer activities. Now, the NIH says the next step is to identify a population that might benefit from lycopene supplementation.

“It’s been shown that eating tomatoes a couple times a week can help lessen the risk of metastatic prostate cancer,” Sommer adds.

Cook tomatoes and drizzle olive oil

“These need to be absorbed very well in our system. To do that, cook them and you can drizzle olive oil on them so we can absorb those nutrients optimally,” Sommer says.

What if I don’t like tomatoes?

“Think of those tomato foods that are cooked. Tomato sauce or tomato soup are good options. They help absorb the lycopene and carotenoids that are in there. So, it doesn’t just have to be a fresh tomato on a salad, you can eat it cooked as well,” Sommer says.

How can red meat or processed meat affect my risk for cancer?

“Something to consider is how much meat you’re eating, especially red meat and processed meat. Too much of these can raise the risk of developing cancer,” Sommer says. “Same with drinking alcohol. We want to lower the amount of alcohol we drink or avoid it if we can.”

Another food factor to consider if you want to avoid cancer - Sommer says to watch out how much added sugar you have in your diet. Too much added sugar intake can affect our weight in negative ways, while not providing any beneficial nutrition. Sodas are a part of this equation due to the added sugar and lack of beneficial nutrition they offer.

“Eating too much fast food or processed food doesn’t have the nutrients we need. It might not have the fiber we get in the plant foods. It doesn’t really help our bodies fight inflammation or cancer risk, so it can raise the risk for cancer developing,” Sommer says.

Overall, Sommer recommends being more mindful of your overall diet and considering the foods and drinks you’re bringing into your body if you want to do everything you can to prevent cancer.

Video Interview Clips

While this seems straightforward, this isn’t a quantity vs. quality scenario. It’s a mix of both, personalized to everyone in different ways.

A late-phase trial published in the New England Journal of Medicine finds people who follow an exercise program after undergoing surgery and chemotherapy can reduce the risk of cancer recurrence, a new cancer diagnosis or death by 28%. The findings were presented on June 1 at the annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), focusing on those who had Stage 3 or high-risk Stage 2 colon cancer.

Nathaniel Leman is an exercise physiologist with OSF HealthCare. He works alongside patients with cancer, mapping out plans to keep them exercising, despite a cancer diagnosis.

Exercise is helpful to patients with cancer

During a cancer journey, exercise helps deliver medication through the body as it's intended, because a person's blood vessels are opening, allowing the drugs to get to the areas impacted by cancer better. 

"We know exercise is so beneficial for our bodies. Specifically for patients with cancer who deal with a lot of fatigue, tiredness and low energy," Leman says. "They also deal with a lot of joint and muscle pain, maybe even bone pain. Most of the time they have weakened immune systems as well. There's a lot of things through their treatment journey they'll deal with; weight loss is another one."

How exercise is beneficial for patients with cancer

"Exercising with cardio and strength training is really good for our hearts, lungs, muscles and joints. The benefits also include our mental health, and it helps keep our weight consistent," Leman adds. "It also helps to boost our immune system and keep us healthy for a long time."

Leman and his colleagues rely on recommendations from the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) to put together plans for patients with cancer. That includes 150 minutes of moderate, cardiovascular or aerobic (using body’s main muscle groups in repeated motions) exercise per week. This can break down into 30 minutes of exercise, five days a week.

If 30 minutes at one time is too much for a person, feel free to break it down into two 15-minute exercise periods, sprinkled throughout your day. Even three 10-minute periods are beneficial.

The main goal is to just get people to start moving. 

How to start moving

"That includes anything from walking to an aerobic bike on a moderate setting," Leman says. "Walking in a pool and doing light jogs inside the pool is something where we can take that pressure of gravity off."

If people want to achieve vigorous exercise, Lehman recommends 75 minutes a week because of the added pressure that's put on muscles and bones. 

If strength training is more your speed, Lehman recommends two to three days a week. This can include light squats, shoulder press, bicep curls, triceps extensions and rows as a few examples. Make sure to have a day of rest in between. 

Avoid powerlifting during cancer

Power lifting (power clean, heavy squats, deadlift) or exerting too much energy during a cancer journey is something to avoid, Lehman recommends. 

"We don't want to do that type of workout where we're over stressing our body to a point we can't move the next day," Lehman says. "Those athletes train for years and years and years, and they put a lot of fatigue on their body that our patients with cancer just can't handle." 

Marathons, triathlons, Iron Mans and Spartan races should be avoided as well. These extremely tough exercise events would cause too much stress on the bodies of patients with cancer. 

Lehman says exercise is good at lowering the risk of cancer, but it doesn't outright prevent cancer. 

Lehman says there is a difference between an active lifestyle and exercising. A basic active lifestyle can include things like daily chores around the house, but he wants patients to take things a step further and add committed time to exercise specifically. However, if a person is working outside in the yard all day, that can be a great amount of physical activity which could supplement exercise on that specific day.

The European Society of Cardiology reports a sedentary lifestyle for two decades is linked to being two times at risk of premature death, compared to being physically active. The American College of Sports Medicine recommends 8,000 steps a day and says that for every 1,000 added steps per day in people with a sedentary lifestyle, reduces the risk of heart disease and death by 15 percent.

OSF HealthCare exercise physiologists offer a free exercise consultation to get started. Contact your oncology care team here to learn more about exercise plans during cancer.

Video Interview Clips

John Rinker, DO, of OSF HealthCare, is in his mid-40s and in good health but he recently embarked on a journey that began with a quick swab inside his mouth to find out if he was at high risk of any of 10 major diseases.

The test that includes a simple cheek swab is polygenic testing. Polygenic testing focuses on the cumulative effect of many common genetic variations to determine a person’s risk for developing complex diseases, while genetic testing typically focuses on a single gene or a small number of genes to identify specific genetic conditions or mutation. Why did he get the test? Dr. Rinker believes knowledge is power.

“And potentially, how is it likely if I’m affected, I want to make sure that I’m aware for my children, right? And so personally, I chose to get the test done, because if there’s anything that I found, I would want to do everything in my power to make a change, if at all possible, so I can live a healthier life and a longer life.”

Dr. Mark Meeker, DO, is former vice president of Community Medicine at OSF HealthCare, now vice president and chief medical officer of OSF HealthCare St. Mary Medical Center and OSF HealthCare Holy Family Medical Center. Meeker explains polygenic testing creates Polygenic Risk Scores (PRS) that aggregate the effects of thousands of genetic variants to assess a predisposition to common diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and various cancers.

“(It’s not) looking for a specific change in a gene that puts you at risk of a specific disease. It’s risk categorization. So, do you have an elevated risk for something like Alzheimer’s or diabetes or colon cancer or breast cancer? Not ‘Do you have the BRCA (Breast Cancer Susceptibility) gene, the specific gene that puts you at risk for breast cancer?’ But ‘Do you have a compilation of genes that puts you in a higher risk category?’”

OSF HealthCare has been offering polygenic testing at five OSF Medical Group locations including Peoria, Galesburg, Kewanee, and Pontiac. The test carries an out-of-pocket cost of $275 because it is currently not covered by insurance. But, for some people it’s worth the cost to have the knowledge or peace of mind that comes with knowing if they’re at high risk for common cancers and diseases such as coronary artery, atrial fibrillation, and stroke.

Dr. Rinker has a family history of prostate cancer and fully expected he would turn up at high risk for that. However, his results showed Dr. Rinker at high risk for Alzheimer’s disease. There’s no cure but he says good diet, exercise and – importantly – getting enough sleep can help with prevention.

“That’s definitely something I’ve been trying to maximize or improve, not only from an Alzheimer’s perspective. But, you know, you’ll find a lot of these things in the human body all interact with something else, and you’re not just getting one improvement and one small outcome that you’re looking at. Well, that might be what the impetus for change is (but) it’s going to have a whole trickle-down effect on a whole host of other health issues or prevent a whole number of other health issues.”

Who is a good candidate?

The target group of individuals to get polygenic testing is between 20 and 65 because that’s when added screening and any lifestyle changes can have an impact. Dr. Rinker is excited about the potential to prevent disease among those who are at high risk.

“The more that we can find or identify a disease early the more we can either prevent the disease or get upstream of the illness occurring; always leads to better outcomes.”

Dr. Meeker explains that polygenic tests expand the analysis beyond family history and genetic testing to broader examination of the human genome.

“If you use a questionnaire, for example, a family history and stuff to screen for certain cancers, if you add polygenic risk scores to that, you can increase the pool of high-risk people by two- or three-fold, because it catches more people than these preliminary screening tools just don’t catch.”

The eight-month pilot continues. Leaders will consider whether to expand the testing across the OSF Ministry by considering the number of people taking advantage of it, along with feedback from providers and patients.

While PRSs can identify individuals at higher risk, they have limitations for complex conditions influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. But, Dr. Meeker believes in the future, polygenic risk scoring will influence individual screening recommendations.

“The hope is, as we learn more in this area and get this more highly refined, that we can really target our screening so we can screen fewer people to find the ones that are really at risk, without having to screen everybody and spending all that money and having all that exposure, you know, the potential false positives.”

Polygenic risk scores in the future could also help identify individuals who are most likely to benefit from specific treatments, improving the efficiency and effectiveness of clinical trials. And Dr. Meeker asserts, as research continues, more targeted, personalized approaches to care and prevention can improve overall health and wellness.

Currently polygenic testing is still in an early phase of the pilot, so it is available through five select OSF Medical Group providers in Peoria, Galesburg, Kewanee, Sheffield, and Pontiac. If you have questions, talk with your primary care provider or learn more at the National Human Genome Research Institute.

Top 10 health risks included in polygenic testing:

1.    Breast cancer

2.    Colon cancer

3.    Prostate cancer

4.    Ovarian cancer

5.    Coronary artery disease

6.    Atrial fibrillation

7.    Stroke

8.    Type 1 diabetes

9.    Type 2 diabetes

10.  Alzheimer’s disease

Dr. John Rinker

Dr. Mark Meeker

B-roll of polygenic testing

The Peoria, Illinois-based hospital system has brought surgical oncologist Tamara Floyd, MD, to the care team at OSF HealthCare Saint Francis Medical Center in Peoria. Dr. Floyd performs cytoreductive and HIPEC (hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy) surgeries in Peoria, while also seeing patients in Bloomington and Galesburg.

HIPEC procedures are mostly for patients who have tumors or cancer spread in the abdominal cavity. 

Cancerous tumors are removed through cytoreductive surgery where the surgeon initially attempts to remove as much of the cancer as possible. Surgery is then followed by HIPEC, which is when a heated chemotherapy – at just over 106 degrees Fahrenheit – is administered into the abdomen. The heated chemo is then circulated around the area inside the abdomen to treat any remaining microscopic tumor cells.

HIPEC can be beneficial for several types of cancer patients. The one it benefits the most is LAMN, or low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm. HIPEC is considered a standard of care for patients who have seen their cancer spread into the space in the abdomen that contains the abdominal organs.

These can be appendix, colorectal, and now more data indicates stomach cancer patients may benefit from HIPEC, Dr. Floyd says.

"Additionally with more data, pancreatic cancer is being looked at as well. Even patients with breast cancer. Another cancer that benefits from HIPEC is peritoneal mesothelioma." 

HIPEC can be a viable treatment option at any stage, Dr. Floyd says. But as some people are diagnosed with later stage disease, it can feel like no options are possible. HIPEC changes that.

"It's beneficial to have the option of doing HIPEC, or cytoreductive surgeries, for patients who have peritoneal spread of disease, which for most cancers means it is a stage 4 disease," Dr. Floyd says. "In a lot of instances, if you're talking about stage 4 disease, there aren't a lot of other options."

While HIPEC is a viable option for low-grade cancers, it's also a helpful option for later stage, more aggressive cancers. Patients with signet ring or goblet cell features, which are more aggressive subtypes, can also be treated with HIPEC. 

"Signet ring is one of the subtypes of appendiceal, colon or rectal that can be treated. There are even some subtypes of gastric or stomach cancer that are considered a signet ring or have signet ring features," Dr. Floyd says. "Cytoreductive and HIPEC can be considered for those patients."

Throughout a cancer journey, combining traditional chemotherapy that is administered through IV with HIPEC provides a "synergistic effect" Dr. Floyd says. HIPEC allows the chemotherapy to be administered directly to the cancer cells and kill them that way. 

Dr. Floyd has done one HIPEC at OSF Saint Francis so far and has another planned soon. It's anticipated that within the next year, Dr. Floyd and her team will start to do three to four HIPEC surgeries a month as OSF HealthCare Cancer Institute continues to grow as a destination center.

Patient recovery times can be one to two weeks in the hospital after HIPEC surgery, which is why having this option for Central Illinois patients is so important. It allows the patient and their families to stay close to home, instead of having to travel hours away. Dr. Floyd says the longer travel times can turn patients and their families away from pursuing care. 

Heated chemotherapy can also be used in thoracic cavities. This would then be called HITEC or HITOC, Heated IntraThoracic Chemotherapy. This is for patients who have disease spreading in the pulmonary area. 

Types of cancers that can be treated by HIPEC: 

-          LAMN (Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm)

-          Appendiceal

-          Colon

-          Rectal

-          Gastric

-          Stomach

-          Pancreatic

-          Breast

-          Mesothelioma

-          Ovarian

For more information on cancer treatment options at OSF, visit the OSF HealthCare Cancer Institute website.

Video Interview Clips

Introducing the Intuitive Ion Robot, a minimally invasive way to biopsy a patient’s lungs and get them answers more efficiently.

"Robotic bronchoscopy has really become the way of the future in terms of lung nodule diagnosis. It allows us to biopsy very small nodules (dense areas of tissue, or spots)," says Rachael Davis, MD, a pulmonologist with OSF HealthCare. "We can biopsy lung nodules that were not able to be biopsied previously because they were so small. It also allows us to biopsy nodules that are far out on the edge of the lungs that were unreachable before."

The goal of the Ion technology is primarily to diagnose lung cancer early. However, it also gives patients with non-cancerous lung nodules peace of mind. The Ion Robot can stage lung cancer as well. 

"We are hoping to diagnose lung cancer while it is very small, at a very early stage, and provide people the opportunity for either surgical or radiation cure of their cancer. That's our number one goal," Dr. Davis says. "But we do have quite a few patients who have lung nodules, and we don't know what they are. So, we're able to provide them with an answer that says, 'this is what your lung nodule is, and it's not cancer.’”

If a person has a history of smoking or one of their family members has received a lung cancer diagnosis, Dr. Davis says it’s important to get screened.

"Early-stage lung cancer often is asymptomatic. They have no cough, no shortness of breath or anything else. The most important thing we can do about lung cancer is to encourage people to get screened," Dr. Davis says. "Anyone who has a smoking history should talk with their primary care provider or lung doctor about whether they qualify for lung cancer screening. With that, we can find very small lung nodules and diagnose them early."

Screening remains the greatest tool to cure lung cancer. Some nodules used to be biopsied using a needle from outside the body. The robotic bronchoscopy allows the team to biopsy it from the inside in a much safer way, preventing possible complications. When a lung nodule is diagnosed at an earlier stage, it's much more likely to cure the patient. 

"A lung cancer screening is very simple. It's a low-dose CAT scan of the lungs. Most lung cancer screenings are covered by insurance. It's a two-minute procedure," Dr. Davis says. "You get scheduled for a CAT scan. You come in and there's no contrast or IV required. You come in, get your CAT scan, and it's read within 24 hours." 

The OSF Lung & Pulmonology team has doubled the number of patients they see each week since launching the technology one year ago at OSF Saint Francis Medical Center. While the team currently does six biopsies a week, the plan is to perform three to four biopsies five days a week by mid-2025. 

Initially, most patients are cared for at the OSF HealthCare Cancer Institute. The medical team will then refer patients for the Ion Robot biopsy, keeping the patient on one hospital campus. 

If cancerous nodules are found in the patient's lungs, they will be referred to the OSF multi-disciplinary team for further treatment. This includes a surgeon who decides if the lung nodule can be surgically removed and cured. There is also a medical oncologist who can advise if chemotherapy or immunotherapy is needed. Lastly, a radiation oncologist is part of the team. They can provide radiation treatment if necessary. 

Dr. Davis says as the OSF Cancer Institute impact grows across the OSF Ministry, the Ion Robot technology will spread to other markets. According to the Society of Thoracic Surgeons, OSF HealthCare ranks in the 99.2 percentile in quality outcomes after lung cancer surgery for all lung surgery programs in the United States.

OSF Cancer Institute offers lung cancer screening events throughout the year. To learn more about lung cancer prevention, and how to get connected with OSF Lung & Pulmonology, visit the OSF HealthCare website.

Video Interview Clips

B-roll

The OSF HealthCare Cancer Institute is about treating more than a person’s cancer.  In the year since it opened its doors in Peoria, Illinois, the premiere treatment center has developed a personalized approach to help people more easily and quickly get answers.

The comprehensive OSF Cancer Institute opened in February of 2024 as the main hub of an integrated cancer network across OSF HealthCare, with patients receiving care near home when possible. It has already far exceeded expectations, with 70,000 patient interactions. The rapid access approach is a way to get individuals started on their diagnostic and treatment journey as quickly as possible because when it comes to cancer, no one wants to waste time.

Sarah Ince, BSN, RN, director of Contact Center operations at OSF OnCall, the digital health arm of OSF HealthCare says oncology leaders who have witnessed challenges for individuals with cancer have provided valuable input in the collaborative process to design a seamless entry point. Together with select members from an OSF Innovation performance improvement team, health IT and others across the OSF Ministry, the team started with benchmarking with the best of the best cancer institutes across the country.

Ince says the new rapid access model provides a central point of contact for the patient.

“They're seeking care, they're confused, they're anxious, they've maybe just received a cancer diagnosis," Ince explains. “So being able to get our patients to us quickly and effectively. So being able to give them different means – a portal, a phone call, that one central phone number to get to us, to allow patients to get where they need.”

In some cases, patients are waiting for a referral from their primary care provider or an emergency department doctor, and they want to know where that stands. In other instances, patients received a diagnosis but don’t know the next steps.

Mandy Luczkowiak, (pronounced luh-KOH-ee-ack), MSN RN, manager of Contact Center operations at OSF OnCall, says patients can call (844) OSF-HOPE or (844) 673-4467 to be connected immediately with an access coordinator who can check on the status of that referral, and assist with questions regarding supportive services.

“And they feel like, oh my gosh, it started. The journey now has started. I have this person that I've spoken to, I've told them all the things I need to tell them, and they're going to take it from there.”

Luczkowiak says the goal is to get patients booked within 24 hours for a telephone appointment with a nurse who has an oncology background. During that appointment, the nurse will learn more about the patient’s story and medical history, then they gather all records that could be relevant to the patient’s diagnosis and treatment plan.

“So, if we have a patient who is in Florida X amount of months a year, they might have had imaging done there, they might have had treatment there. We’re gathering all that information, so the providers are really excited that the first time they see that patient – that first visit, everything is there.” 

To date, the access advocates and nurses from OSF OnCall have had nurse visits with patients and entered more than 445 referrals based on individuals’ diagnosis and needs. Referrals can be entered not only for a provider, but for services such as transportation, dietary, social work or genetic counseling.

The easy transition to cancer care and support is something Ince says is personal for her.

“For me, my dad has stage four kidney cancer that's metastasized, and a patient in the community, and this is just what I needed a few years ago. So, I really feel connected to this journey through my diagnostic imaging scheduling, that journey and now to the Cancer Institute, I feel blessed to be part of this role.”

The rapid access model will continue to expand, capturing referrals from providers outside of OSF HealthCare. Ince says there have also been preliminary discussions of how this model could be applied to other major medical care offered by OSF HealthCare.

Sarah Ince and Amanda Luczkowiak

B-roll for rapid intake at OSF Cancer Institute

A colonoscopy at age 15

But why? Those at an average risk of colorectal cancer are recommended to start getting colonoscopies once every ten years, starting at 45 years of age.

"My dad was diagnosed after just turning 26. Because it was colon cancer, they recommended I be seen ten years before. The doctors said when I turned 15 to get a colonoscopy," Jaxson says. He was just a baby when his father passed away.

Jaxson’s father, Michael, was an avid runner in great shape. Angie Brown, Michael’s wife and Jaxson’s mother, says Michael had no family history of colon cancer, and never drank or smoked. At the age of 26, Michael was diagnosed with stage 3 colon cancer. He underwent six months of chemotherapy and was in remission for almost four years. In 2013, Michael was diagnosed with a rare form of stage 4 colon cancer called signet ring cell adenocarcinoma.

“If he can do it, I can do it!”

Angie says for years, she has helped prepare her sons to know the importance of cancer screening, and that they’d have to undergo a colonoscopy from a young age.

“He figured that if he could go out there and show people that a 15-year-old boy is willing to go through a colonoscopy, without having any symptoms, then anybody can do it,” Angie says. “We had a good amount of people who sent messages and said, ‘if he can do it, I can do it!’”

Jaxson says it helped to know from a young age that the day was coming. Afterwards, he said it “wasn’t that bad.”

"They have you roll over on your side, then they inject the stuff in, and it works like a charm. You're out and don't remember a thing. Best sleep you'll ever get," Jaxson laughs. 

Jaxson’s bravery can inspire others

Daniel Martin, MD, a gastroenterologist with OSF HealthCare, oversaw Jaxson’s treatment. He says Jaxson’s bravery to undergo something uncomfortable, yet potentially lifesaving, should be inspiration for everyone.

"Colon cancer, if caught early (even if not caught at a polyp stage), is a very treatable condition. Where in the early stages of disease, greater than 90% of those patients are going to be disease free at five years," Dr. Martin says. "One of the advantages of colorectal cancer screening is that we can prevent the disease. With colorectal cancer, in a colonoscopy, you can identify the precursor lesions called polyps and remove them during the exam."

Colon cancer is the third-most diagnosed form of cancer in both men and women.

“Lung is first for both, breast cancer is second for women, then colorectal cancer is third. For men, prostate is second, colorectal cancer is third. Colon cancer is the second-leading cause of cancer mortality in this country,” Dr. Martin explains.

The prevalence of colon cancer, along with the rareness of Michael’s signet ring colon cancer, led Angie and Michael to launch the Michael P. Brown Colon Cancer Foundation which lives by the motto “Get Busy Living.”

“A lot of people think you’re guaranteed a long life, especially if they’ve had parents who lived into their 80s and 90s,” Angie says. “You just never know what’s going to happen. If you have a bucket list, start doing those things. Don’t wait until you’re retired.”

The Foundation hosts Michael’s 5K Run for Life each year, raising money for signet ring research

“We try to be an outlet for people to get information about signet ring colon cancer. My husband used to field most of those calls, but now I do. My boys are getting involved too,” Angie says. “If there’s a parent who has cancer, they’re willing to talk to kids about that.”

Signs and symptoms of colon cancer

"The most common concern would be bleeding in your stool. But that would also include abdominal pain that's new or different," Dr. Martin says. "Or changes in the frequency or caliber of your stools."

This was mainly the case with Michael, Angie says.

“Initially, my husband’s symptom was belly pain. He was put on a couple of different medications because it was thought to be a stomach ulcer,” Angie says. “It didn’t work. He started having constipation, diarrhea and vomiting. We went into the emergency department, and he got the diagnosis of colon cancer.”

Traditionally, colon cancer is seen in people in their 60s and 70s. However, more younger people are starting to be diagnosed with colon cancer, Dr. Martin says.

"Specific to colorectal cancer, there are various options available now for screening. We recommend procedural screening with colonoscopy whenever possible. But with the advent of stool studies that are readily available and have been covered by insurance, that has helped increase the pool of patients who are receiving appropriate screening," Dr. Martin says. These readily available options are so important, Dr. Martin says, because most colon cancer patients are getting diagnosed at a later stage in the disease.

In the past, things like smoking, obesity and unhealthy lifestyle choices have been thought to cause colon cancer. Dr. Martin says in addition to that, more recent studies have shown processed foods to be a concern as well, adding that our gut's microbiome may show early indicators of cancer. A study done by Harvard Medical School investigators found that certain types of gut bacteria could lead to the development of precancerous colon polyps. 

Dr. Martin credits the OSF HealthCare cancer tumor boards and medical teams for creating a more organized process over the last five to 10 years that takes care of patients from diagnosis to treatment. 

Jaxson says now that it’s all said and done, the colonoscopy process was not as bad as most people think. This is on par with what most patients say, Dr. Martin adds. His word of caution? Many of his patients undergoing a colon cancer diagnosis wish they would have gotten colonoscopies earlier on.

To schedule a screening, speak with your primary care provider first and get a referral. You can find more information about colonoscopies on the OSF HealthCare website.

Jaxson Brown Video Interview Clips

Angie Brown Video Interview Clips

Dr. Daniel Martin Video Interview Clips

As Saturday Night Live celebrates its 50^th anniversary, one thing it has been known for over the decades is the use of comedy to make a commentary on what’s happening in the world. Recently, 
it was a skit about how the only way to get a young man to an annual physical is to pretend it’s a podcast appearance.

OSF HealthCare primary care physician, Mfowethu Langeni, DO, said he heard about the skit and then watched it with appreciation.

“So hopefully this can help encourage people to change that mindset and change the framing and letting them know that we will see you even if you have no symptoms, no issues. Preventive health is equally as important as any other aspect of health care.”

Nearly 40% of Generation Z men (age 20-29) don’t have a primary care provider and millennial men (age 29-43) make up the second-highest number of men without regular primary care according to one study.

Using comedy to tell hard truths can be an effective tool so Dr. Langeni hopes the skit breaks through the perception of many young men – a feeling they are invincible and therefore don’t need medical attention unless they experience serious symptoms.

Research from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also reveals young men have a misperception they are healthier than they are.

“A good portion of men between the age of 18 and 35 are actually in probably fair to poor condition as far as health is concerned. So, I think the first thing we do when you walk in the door in a primary doctor's office, we check your weight, we check your vitals, and we check blood pressure. Those are some really quick things that we can get, but it can tell a lot of information.”

For example, Dr. Langeni says Type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure don’t always have prominent symptoms right away and without an annual exam, they can go undetected for years. That poses the risk of irreversible harm. During an initial primary care visit, Dr. Langeni says he’ll also go over family history because there are some diseases, including cancer, that can be genetically linked.

“And so, if your father or mother or grandmother, uncle had a condition, you could also be predisposed to that condition as well. So, we address these things, we talk about these things, and then we come up with shared decision making and figure out what to do next.”

Research also shows men are increasingly turning to social media platforms such as Instagram and Tik Tok for their health information, often relying on influencers. That’s not all bad, says Dr. Langeni, but he says having a primary care provider as a trusted source is a great way to verify information from social media.

“I promote people getting information, but the big thing is just then take the information and then ask, ‘Hey, what's true? What's not true, or if it is, is this right for me?’ If it's not right for me, because everyone is individually different, having a primary doctor really will help to cater to your individual plan.”

With OSF MyChart, you can also easily access your primary care provider with questions about a variety of concerns, including medications, supplements, or issues that might arise between appointments. If it requires a referral to a specialist, your primary care provider can make that happen. Dr. Langeni suggests thinking of a primary care provider as someone who is a care coordinator and your advocate.

National statistics reveal other health realities men might consider. For example, men die by suicide at twice the rate of women and 40.5% of men over 20 have obesity. A primary care provider can help with lifestyle changes and medication, if necessary, to address obesity. Some mental health challenges can be managed at the primary care level, but Dr. Langeni says having a professional you trust to discuss stress, anxiety, depression or other concerns is crucial. Then, he says, your provider can recommend whether seeing a behavioral health specialist might be the best approach.

Just as you take your car in for a regular oil change, Dr. Langeni strongly suggests regular health maintenance with a primary care provider. Putting it another way, he emphasizes, “primary care is preventive care” and that’s nothing to laugh at. 

Dr. Mfowethu Langeni

Related story

Are you treating your care better than your body?

Innovative Technologies at the Forefront

Leading-edge cancer treatments like proton beam therapy, brachytherapy, genetic counseling and dietetics are all offered within the OSF Cancer Institute, providing patients with a one-stop-shop during their cancer journey.  

Proton therapy

Proton therapy was first offered on April 1, 2024.

"Proton therapy lets us offer radiation therapy to patients that maybe wouldn't have been able to tolerate side effects due to tumor location, or factors such as prior radiation treatment to the same area," says Tom Cox, the vice president of operations at OSF Cancer Institute. " This is possible because protons stop after passing through a tumor, eliminating the radiation effects on tissue often treated incidentally to photon (X-ray) therapy. The OSF Cancer Institute is on track to have treated 180 patients by April 1, 2025 – which far exceeded the original first-year target of 130 patients.

Brachytherapy

The brachytherapy suite offers a more patient-friendly way for mostly prostate and gynecological (cervical, endometrial) cancer patients to receive treatment. This option involves placement of applicators or needles directly into tumors so that very controlled, effective radiation can be delivered in discrete volumes. Since the radiation is delivered from within the tumor, there is a dramatic reduction of the dose to normal tissue, even those near the tumor itself. The dose is delivered with high-dose rate techniques so the therapy is delivered in just a few minutes time.

"Being able to bring the introduction of the applicators into the body, the treatment planning CT and the treatment all in one room, has created a much better experience. We're having some really good outcomes there, and we think we can expand what we're able to do there,” Cox says.

Intuitive Ion robot 

The OSF Cancer Institute’s pulmonology team offers state-of-the-art diagnostic tools and treatments, including minimally invasive, robotic surgeries and robotic assistive bronchoscopy. This includes the Intuitive Ion Robot, which allows care teams to get early answers and advance care for lung cancer patients.

"We're going to leverage the ability of an ion robot in the interventional pulmonary lab to really upend how we do the front end of lung cancer care," Cox says. "That robot is going to enable us to biopsy smaller lesions. It has fewer side effects than when you're getting a lung biopsy that's CT-guided. You can also do a staged EBUS (endobronchial ultrasound) exam, so you can diagnosis and stage at the same time."

Rachael Davis, MD, a pulmonologist at OSF Cancer Institute, and her team have been using the ion robot weekly. Dr. Davis and her team are training more providers, and by this summer they’re expecting to quadruple – or more – how often it’s used. 

HIPEC procedures

Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) surgeries are now offered at the OSF Cancer Institute. Tamara Floyd, MD, a surgical oncologist with OSF performs the open surgery and removes tumors from the abdomen. In the HIPEC procedure, heated chemotherapy is circulated through the body for a period of time. The first case went extremely well, and Dr. Floyd is planning her second case for mid-March. 

In addition to treatment options, the OSF Cancer Institute is increasing cancer supportive services in the Peoria region as well.

• Cancer navigation - 13% increase (Specially trained OSF Mission Partners walking you through the process of cancer care) 
• Dietetics - 64% increase
• Palliative medicine - 213% increase (Helps control symptoms, augments treatment from physicians) 
• Genetic counseling - 20% increase

Nutrition journey during cancer

Part of the dietary benefits OSF Cancer Institute offers is in the CEFCU Teaching Kitchen. Oncology dietitians work with patients on recipes to cook and are there with them step-by-step during their cancer journeys. Cox says 50% of people who come in for cancer treatment have dietary risks, while 80% of those people suffer malnutrition during treatment. Having a trained, professional dietary team walking alongside you helps fight those negative complications.

OSF Cancer Institute Culture

Cox credits the Institute’s first-year success to the culture of those who work there. The goal, he says, is to offer cancer support services across the entire spectrum of life. 

"The Mission Partners that work in this building have completely bought in to the idea that we all are advocates for cancer patients. We're always asking patients what they need, to see if we can help them," Cox says. "If we hear there's an issue with travel, or they're having trouble keeping food down, or if their children are not coping very well (with a loved one's cancer diagnosis), we know there are resources in the building, and we try very hard to line up those resources. You can feel it when you walk through the building."

Support services after cancer treatment 

"We can get you with a nurse, an exercise specialist and a dietitian to get back to your best life after cancer. Maybe you like to run a lot and ran half marathons, and you think you'll never be able to do it again. We have rehab and exercise specialists here and nutritionists. Who says you can't do that again? We're going to work with you to see you can get to the life after cancer you want to get to,” Cox says.

Services and medical professionals continue to grow

Building off the first year of OSF Cancer Institute, the administrative team continues to hire world-class medical professionals to offer cancer care in Peoria. A breast surgeon was recently brought onto the team, and a colorectal surgeon will be starting soon.

Additionally, the fourth floor of the building will be built out soon. Cox says this will give much-needed space for the surgical oncology and medical research teams. Research-focused medical oncologists are currently being recruited as well.

Leaving OSF Cancer Institute healthier, and more aware

Patients who leave OSF Cancer Institute don't just leave the building as healthier people; their awareness continues and will benefit other people. Cox admits a cancer diagnosis is not an easy thing to go through, and that the support from the OSF care team doesn’t stop when you walk out the door.

Grateful for community support

Cox says he’s been humbled throughout the years of working in oncology by the incredible commitment of the community and region to the OSF Cancer Institute.

"It is overwhelming to me, the philanthropic spirit of our community and extended community," Cox says. "I take that as, they've made a big commitment to us, and we're making a big commitment back. We're going to bring things to central Illinois that have not been here before. We are going to support you and your family members throughout your life and keep you as healthy, relative to cancer, as we possibly can."

Looking to the future

Cox says the OSF Cancer Institute is looking to bring more pediatric cancer support services to the building, the work collaboratively alongside the adult services.

The team is creating both a lung lesion clinic and a lung multidisciplinary clinic, which aims to reduce the time from finding a cancerous lesion to treatment. The lesion clinic is expected to open in late spring.

The OSF Cancer Institute intake team has been created with oncology nurses who will answer patients’ questions on the very same day, to see if services are right for you.

Cox adds that OSF is planning to put together an early detection hotline as a resource for the community to know if or when they should be screened for cancer.

To learn more about the OSF HealthCare Cancer Institute, visit its website to view the services offered and find contact information to get connected.

Video Interview Clips

Family – literally and figuratively – is a word Fred Smith, 88, knows well, too. After his diagnosis around four years ago, he’s gotten radiation treatment on his neck and intravenous (IV) chemotherapy at OSF Moeller Cancer Center.

“The nurses were so friendly,” Fred says.

“They’re a wonderful couple,” says Jill Pruitt, a licensed practical nurse and certified oncology navigator at OSF Moeller Cancer Center. Pruitt is another part of that support system for cancer patients.

“They’re always positive,” Pruitt adds of the Smiths. “They put their trust in God. They put their trust in us. No matter what news is thrown at them, they take it and go with it.”

Happy anniversary

On August 1, 2024, Fred Smith was due for his first chemotherapy treatment. When Neva called to schedule the appointment, she mentioned it was the couple’s 65^th wedding anniversary but said there was no need to postpone the session.

What greeted Fred and Neva in the infusion bay: cake, a banner and well wishes from OSF Mission Partners.

“It was a monumental day,” Pruitt says.

Fred, Neva and Jill all have the same take-home message: A support system when battling cancer is crucial, and you should find the right people and things that lift you up.

“Stay encouraged, and have friends who encourage you,” Neva says. “When I had [my cancer treatment,] I listened to a lot of gospel music. That helped me.”

“I always say my prayers at night,” Fred adds. “It’s not a religious thing. I’m just so thankful I found this hospital.”

“It’s very important to have someone there with you for support,” Pruitt says. “Someone to give you a ride or bring you a warm meal. As you’re going through [cancer treatment,] you don’t always feel like cooking or cleaning your house.”

Learn more

Read more about cancer treatment at OSF HealthCare, including the OSF Cancer Institute in Peoria, Illinois, the hub of cancer care at OSF. If you need help in your cancer journey, contact the health system, church or social service agency near you to see if they offer patient navigators, social workers, support groups or other resources. Pruitt also says OSF and other health systems use the American Cancer Society’s resources.

Interview clips - Fred and Neva Smith

Interview clips - Jill Pruitt

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When the OSF HealthCare Cancer Institute in Peoria, Illinois was being developed, plans included an enhanced brachytherapy suite. Since welcoming its first patients in early 2024, the OSF Cancer Institute has provided nearly 100 fractions (treatments) to 29 patients and continues to look for ways to bring the best treatment options to patients.

“Brachytherapy is a radiation treatment that we can use to get radiation right up into a tumor without having to go through a lot of extra normal tissues,” explains Mackenzie McGee, MD, radiation oncologist with OSF HealthCare. “(With) external radiation we're going to radiate somebody from the outside in so we're going through a lot of different normal tissues. The advantage of brachytherapy is we can get an applicator right up into the tumor to deliver radiation right where it needs to be and help really spare a lot of the normal surrounding tissues.”

Currently, prostate and gynecologic cancers, such as endometrial and cervical cancer, are what are primarily treated with brachytherapy.

“For patients with cervical cancer, brachytherapy is the gold standard. It does have superior control and survival rates as compared to other techniques that have been tried. When you look at good brachytherapy - so that's image guided brachytherapy, exactly what we're doing here - the control rates of the cervix are extremely high, well over 90% in most cases,” says Dr. McGee.

“The brachytherapy device - the bravos - has a single Iridium 192 source and what we can do is program the source to come out through cables that we attach to our applicator so it's all a closed system to the patient and we will tell it where to go and where to stop at different points along the applicator. What we can do then is it delivers almost like a little cloud of radiation just around the area and the dose getting further out from that source is really very low.”

Before treatment can begin, patients requiring advanced brachytherapy, such as cervix and prostate cancer patients, are taken to the brachytherapy suite in the OSF Cancer Institute to put the applicator in place while they are under mild anesthesia, which helps ease getting it in place and on target correctly. Because of the new set-up, the time between putting the applicator in place and treatment has been reduced by hours and the overall span of the two-dose treatment shortened to less than 24 hours in many cases. Since patients have to stay in the hospital with limited mobility while the applicator is in place, the goal is to continue to work to shorten that time.

The OSF Cancer Institute is in an elite group of the top brachytherapy treatment centers in the United States, and the only one in central Illinois to offer complex brachytherapy treatments. It is the first-ever cancer treatment center to offer GE’s CT Scan technology on tracks, which increases the precision of the treatment.

“This CT is really unique because it can actually come in and move over the patient while they're still under anesthesia and we can see if our applicator is in the exact right position. If we need to adjust that applicator or the needles, we can do that while the patient is still under sedation and very comfortable,” Dr. McGee explains.

 “The CT on rails is really a huge win because… what it’ll let us do down the road is actually introduce more applications for brachytherapy. There are studies out there about…being able to give a single dose of brachytherapy to a lung tumor to obliterate it. You can do that potentially with sarcomas as well so there's going to be other tumor types that we right now aren't able to offer but with the CT on rails we can work with our interventional radiology colleagues to help bring novel treatments to our patients that really aren't available widely across the country. This is a really unique opportunity for us to expand the brachytherapy that we offer.”

In addition to the state-of-the-art technology, the OSF Cancer Institute offers a multidisciplinary approach to care which includes nurse navigators to guide patients through their treatments, supportive services like a dietitian and a financial navigator, and even a pelvic floor therapist who can help with any needs patients have down the road.

For Dr. McGee, it’s all about doing what’s best for her patients.

“Having the opportunity to think through what my patients go through when they're having these brachytherapy techniques. It's a scary time, there's a lot of unknowns, there is sometimes some discomfort with it. Being able to really push our team to offer the best possible patient experience that also offers them the same opportunity for cure and reduced toxicities is really exciting. I always want my patients to feel that we are doing everything we can to help them feel loved and cared for and one way we can do that is really respecting how much time they have to have some discomfort and so every opportunity we can take to improve that, I think this really allows us to do that.”

Learn more about all of the treatments and services offered at the OSF HealthCare Cancer Institute.

Mackenzie McGee, MD - OSF HealthCare Radiation Oncologist interview clips

OSF Cancer Institute Brachytherapy suite Broll

Fall and winter could be renamed “coughing season” with seasonal illnesses in the air. But there’s more to coughing than the brief but annoying impact on your day.

Some coughing is normal. But you should see a health care provider quickly when you cough up things you shouldn’t.

The basics: Why do you cough?

Aminat Ogun, MD, a family medicine physician at OSF HealthCare, says coughing is one way your body protects your lungs and airways from irritants. You expel the bad stuff out of our system, she says.

Some everyday things that can make you cough: breathing in smoke, allergies and mucus dripping down to your throat and irritating it. Or, you may just wake up in the morning and cough a few times to lighten your chest. These shouldn’t alarm you, Dr. Ogun says.

“We have cough receptors in our airways and lungs,” Dr. Ogun explains. “If we have mucus or an irritant, there’s a signal sent to our brain. The brain activates those receptors to have the cough action happen. So that’s why you clear your throat or cough in the morning. You’re trying to clear out your airways.”

If your cough is associated with an illness (like a cold, flu, RSV, COVID, bronchitis or pertussis, also called whooping cough) or a chronic condition (like asthma or COPD), you should be seeing a provider as often as needed to learn how to manage things.

Coughing up things you shouldn’t

Watch for signs that your cough may be linked to a more serious problem, Dr. Ogun says.

• Mucus: Our airways produce mucus to trap irritants, Dr. Ogun says. So it’s not out of the ordinary to cough up mucus from time to time. But if the mucus is thick or a different color (green or yellow), it could be a sign of pneumonia or bronchitis.
  
  “When it’s persistent [cough with mucus] and it’s affecting your breathing, you definitely want to be seen [by a provider,]” Dr. Ogun says.
   
• Vomit: Dr. Ogun says sometimes, you just cough hard enough to bring up some vomit. If it’s a “one-off,” as she calls it, you should still see a provider, but it may not be cause for great concern. But persistent vomiting while coughing could be a sign of whooping cough, acid reflux or aspiration (when food or drink gets into the lungs).
   
• Blood: Coughing blood brings a high level of concern, Dr. Ogun says.
  
  “Sometimes you have the common cold, you’re coughing for a long period and you irritated your airways. Maybe you nick the capillary artery [leading to coughing blood.] That’s fine,” Dr. Ogun says. “But more serious conditions would be a blood clot in the lung or tuberculosis.”
  
  Heart failure, lung cancer or infections are also associated with coughing up blood.
   

Diagnosis and treatment

When you see a provider for an abnormal cough, they’ll ask about your health history, specifically about your cough. How long have you been coughing? Did something trigger it? What are you coughing up? Do you have other symptoms, like a fever?

“Then the provider could do a physical examination. They look at the back of your throat. They listen to your lungs to see if they hear anything concerning. Depending on what they find, they could order a chest X-ray or a CT scan to see what’s going on inside your chest,” Dr. Ogun says.

Treatment will depend on what the provider finds. For example, acid reflux can be tamped down by an antacid or a proton pump inhibitor (PPI). For an infection like pneumonia, you’ll get an antibiotic. If it is just an irritating tickle in your throat, you may get a steroid like Flonase.

What you can do

Some advice from Dr. Ogun to ensure coughs don’t derail your health:

• Parents should keep a close eye on kids and their coughing.
   
• No matter the age, don’t shake off one instance of a bad cough and assume things will go back to normal. See a provider right away.
   
• While vaccines don’t prevent coughing, Dr. Ogun says they are critically important to stomp out the illnesses associated with coughing. Talk to your health care provider about when you’re due for flu, COVID, RSV, pneumonia and Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis) vaccines.
  
  “Pertussis is dangerous in immunocompromised people and kids,” Dr. Ogun warns. “RSV is highly contagious, as well. It’s life-threating in infants and older adults.
  
  “What vaccines do is help prevent getting to the very severe stage [of an illness,]” she adds. “You’re trying to prevent ending up in the hospital. You’re also reducing the risk of infection. And you’re protecting people around you who may be sicker than you.”
   
• Daily hygiene habits also go a long way. Sneeze or cough into your elbow or a tissue. Wash your hands often. Stay home and away from others when sick. Again, these don’t prevent coughs. But they can help prevent the spread of illness that brings those rough coughing fits.

Interview clips

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If you’re looking for more reasons to switch from cocktails to mocktails, the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)’s newest study may encourage you to embrace sobriety.

The AACR published its 2024 Cancer Progress Report, showcasing that excessive alcohol use increases an individual’s risk of developing six types of cancer.

-          Certain types of head and neck cancer

-          Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

-          Breast cancer

-          Colorectal cancer

-          Liver cancer

-          Stomach cancers

The study goes on to say that in 2019, 5.4% of cancers were attributed to alcohol consumption. The AACR’s research suggests that by drinking less, or not at all, it can decrease your risk of getting the above-mentioned cancers by 8% and lessen the risk of all cancers by 4%.

Jeanna Rich is an oncology registered dietitian with OSF Cancer Support Services. She says that part of the reason excessive alcohol can affect so many different parts of the body, is because alcohol touches tissue inside the body at most of these places.

"All alcohol contains ethanol, so one alcohol beverage is not safer than the other because they all contain that ethanol component. That can essentially damage or oxidize healthy cells and create DNA damage,” Rich says. “In regard to breast cancer, alcohol can actually increase the levels of estrogen in our body, it can lead to excessive calorie intake, which can lead to obesity." 

Rich says the increase in estrogen is what increases the risk of breast cancer.

Heavy drinking can lead to poor sleep, malnutrition

“Sleep is essential,” Rich says, noting that late nights drinking oftentimes leads to a poor night’s sleep.

“People who are choosing to drink a large amount of alcohol are not eating or drinking other nourishing items, so then they're deficient in other healthy nutrients," Rich adds. 

From cocktails to mocktails

"Why do people drink? Sometimes it's a social factor, sometimes it's for relaxation like going out to dinner with friends and having a glass of wine," Rich says, adding it’s becoming more common to have mocktails on menus at restaurants. “The sober lifestyle trend is becoming very popular. Especially with the New Year coming up, people like to stay sober for a month and see how your body feels, it does make a difference." 

Rich says other than being trendy and fun, if you make them right, mocktails can have beneficial nutrients.

The National Foundation for Cancer Research (NFCR) has year-round and holiday-themed mocktail recipes here. The NFCR reports that most Americans double their alcohol intake between Thanksgiving and Christmas.

"Some can even include cancer-fighting nutrients like cranberries, teas and mints. So, taking that risk factor away, not only takes away the damage that's going to cause your body, but then it provides you with a cancer-fighting nutritional component that's going to enhance your overall health,” Rich says.

Avoid alcohol completely during cancer treatment

On a cancer journey, it’s important to discuss alcohol with your medical team. Rich says it’s imperative to completely avoid alcohol if you’re under treatment.

"Alcohol needs to be detoxed through our liver. Our liver will choose to focus on alcohol first, versus doing other jobs," Rich says. “We are essentially robbing our body of using our cancer treatment and using nutrition to help keep our bodies fighting that cancer. The overall message is to not drink alcohol during cancer treatment and have that conversation with your health care provider or dietitian, to make sure you understand why you're avoiding alcohol.”

To learn more about nutrition during a cancer journey, visit the OSF HealthCare website.

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As we begin a new year at OSF HealthCare, we’re reflecting on 2024 and the major strides in digital transformation to make access to care and health information seamless for our patients. At OSF, we continue to collaborate with our academic and business partners to leverage collective expertise and to responsibly use the power of artificial intelligence, always taking care to use guiding principles of what is fair, appropriate, valid, effective and safe (FAVES).

The efforts are highlighted here in our Top 10 Digital Health and Innovation stories of 2024 in no particular order.

1. OSF Unveils new 55+ primary care service in south suburban Chicago: Called OSF Complete Care 55+, this is a unique collaboration between OSF HealthCare Little Company of Mary Medical Center and OSF OnCall, the digital arm of the health care Ministry. When launched in early 2025, this primary care program will incorporate in-person visits, plus a mix of virtual care, digital health monitoring tools and 24/7 access to a care team focusing on those with chronic conditions.

2. Building an AI prepared workforce: OSF HealthCare leaders took just six weeks to develop mandatory training about generative AI for all 24,000 OSF Mission Partners (employees) because tools were already publicly available. Melissa Knuth, Vice President of Planning, outlines that to rise to the challenge, she worked with OSF Innovation to use mixed media to keep the content interesting and tapped generative AI tools to assist with the content creation.

3. OSF Digital Hospital patients in Rockford area say it’s the best medicine: OSF OnCall expands its digital hospital program to Rockford and receives rave reviews from some of its first patients. In addition, a well-known farm broadcaster shares her story about receiving acute-level care from the comfort of her own home and urges others who are eligible to consider the option.

4. OSF Innovation sets the table for solution to prevent cancelled surgeries: Two OSF HealthCare nurses turned to the OSF Innovation Studio team to help improve their Device Table software that serves as a database for implanted medical devices – offering information needed for surgical teams to reference for safety in surgery planning. We also reported on the creation of a spin-off company, OpenSurg, which will license and promote widespread sales of Device Table and related support features.

5. OSF HealthCare experts: ‘Establish guiding principles when developing digital care strategy’: OSF OnCall was a spotlight vendor and presenter at this year’s American Telemedicine Association’s annual Nexus conference in Phoenix, Arizona. OSF OnCall Senior Vice President Jennifer Junis advised during her presentation that health systems use guiding principles when developing their approach to digital health and to involve clinicians and patients when piloting new programs and digital tools. OSF HealthCare has also become a founding member of an ATA Digital Center of Excellence.

6. Mapping the future for early diagnosis of rare diseases: A Jump ARCHES grant-funded project with the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign is using generative AI and knowledge graphs that map symptoms to detect rare diseases. Adam Cross, MD, who leads the OSF Children's Innovation Lab in Peoria, Illinois, wants to create a point-of-care tool for primary care providers to help patients get an early diagnosis of a rare disease.

7. Health economist: Connectivity and trust can expand telehealth: OSF OnCall hosted its first-ever digital health symposium which drew nearly 150 clinicians and vendors. Keynote speaker health economist and advisor Jane Sarasohn-Kahn stressed evidence-based digital technologies can improve health outcomes, but health systems need to build trust and expand community partnerships to increase engagements.

8. Fast-Tracking Hope: Rapid Intake at the OSF Cancer Institute: OSF HealthCare began 2024 with the opening of its new comprehensive Cancer Institute, offering advanced radiation therapy such as brachytherapy and proton beam therapy.  It also launched a new rapid intake system, developed by OSF OnCall and OSF Innovation to offer a single point of contact through OSF-HOPE (844- 673-4467) so cancer patients can be immediately connected to treatment and support services.

9. Piloting a smarter colonoscopy: OSF HealthCare St. Joseph Medical Center piloted artificial intelligence-backed colonoscopies, using a company called GI Genius, to improve detection of precancerous polyps. During the pilot, the adenoma detection rate (ADR) averages increased among all patients involved to as high as 12%, while individual physician ADR increased as high as 32.8%. The technology is now being implemented across the OSF Ministry.

10. Testing the path to better concussion diagnosis: An OSF Innovation lab-designed FlightPath app is now being tested by athletes at Illinois State, Bradley and Illinois Wesleyan Universities. The app only takes about two minutes to collect more than a million data points as a person tries to catch a hummingbird within a 3D space on a screen. The clinical trial could last two years. 

If you’re looking for more reasons to switch from cocktails to mocktails, the American Association for Cancer Research’s newest study may encourage you to embrace sobriety.

The AACR published its 2024 Cancer Progress Report, showcasing that excessive alcohol use increases an individual’s risk of developing six types of cancer. Certain types of head and neck cancers, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, breast, colorectal, liver, and stomach cancers were all listed.

The study goes on to say that in 2019, nearly five-and-a-half percent of cancers were attributed to alcohol consumption. The AACR’s research suggests that drinking less—or not at all—can decrease your risk of getting the mentioned cancers by eight percent and lessen the risk of all cancers by four percent.

Jeanna Rich is an oncology registered dietitian with OSF Cancer Support Services. She says part of the reason excessive alcohol can affect so many parts of the body is because alcohol touches tissue inside the body at most of these places.

"All alcohol contains ethanol, so one alcoholic beverage is not safer than the other because they all contain that ethanol component. That can essentially damage or oxidize healthy cells and create DNA damage. In regard to breast cancer, alcohol can actually increase the levels of estrogen in our body. It can lead to excessive calorie intake, which can lead to obesity."

Rich adds that excessive drinking can lead to poor sleep and malnutrition as well.

Video Version With Chyrons

Video Version Without Chyrons

While many “health” trends have no substance at all, this has promise, according to Gabrielle Haskell, a clinical dietitian for oncology at the OSF Cancer Institute.

The recipe calls for one to two frozen bananas, one cup of coffee, 1/3 cup of milk and two pitted dates. Mix it together in a blender and you have a frappe to enjoy.

So… why bananas?

“Bananas have fiber in them, which helps keep you fuller for longer. Fiber is good for blood sugar management and for management of your cholesterol,” Haskell says. “They also have added vitamins and minerals, like Vitamin C, that can really help boost your immune system.”

The American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) recommends a plant-based diet for cancer prevention. Haskell describes how fruits, like bananas, all play a role.

“By adding more plants to your food, you’re reducing your risk of cancer, and adding in phytochemicals and antioxidants,” Haskell says.

Phytochemicals are part of the plant’s immune system and offer the plant, and the person eating it, protection from viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites. Antioxidants are things like Vitamin E and C that help fight off harmful free radicals, which have been linked to diabetes and cancer.

The frozen banana doesn’t just add nutritional benefits to the drink, it also provides a creamy texture that is easier to enjoy. See it as an alternative to coffee creamer. It also adds sweetness, so you can say goodbye to those packets of sugar, too.

“Traditional coffee creamers have a lot of added sugars and oils in them,” Haskell says. “The bananas., milk and dates are really replacing the coffee creamer to add sweetness and creaminess to it.”

Minimizing caffeine intake during cancer treatment

The jury is still out on how coffee impacts cancer risk. The American Cancer Society (ACS) reports that some studies have shown coffee lowering the risk of liver and endometrial cancers, as well as mouth, throat, voice box and basal skin cell cancer in both men and women. However, other studies suggest drinking hot beverages like coffee may increase your risk of esophageal cancer, causing ACS to recommend not drinking any beverage at very high temperatures.

Dr. Fredericka Brown and Dr. Kenneth Diller, mechanical engineering professors at the University of Texas at Tyler, researched what the optimal hot beverage temperature is. Their findings showed that hot drinks should be served between 125°F and 136°F.

During cancer treatment, Haskell says caffeinated beverages are not recommended at all.

“Caffeine can increase your risk for dehydration,” Haskell says. “And specifically with caffeinated coffee, if patients drink that when they’re doing certain treatments, symptoms like nausea and acid reflux might be heightened. It’s best to try and reduce your consumption of caffeine as much as possible. If you want, you can swap out regular caffeinated coffee in this recipe for a decaf instead.”

This recipe is another way to make use of those VERY ripe bananas you have laying out on the kitchen counter, hanging on for dear life. There’s no judgment here. Just throw them in the freezer and give them a new, healthier purpose than just attracting fruit flies.

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B-Roll

Even with insurance, facing the cost of cancer treatment can be daunting. Insurance broker and cancer survivor Paul Barbary of Alton, featured in an earlier OSF Newsroom story about immunotherapy, said he’s thankful he had great insurance because the cost of each of his treatments was as much as $50,000. Barbary is doing well both physically and financially, but not all patients receiving treatment for cancer are in that position.

Maria Rodriguez, a financial navigator with OSF HealthCare, remembers the fear her family felt when her father was diagnosed with cancer. There was worry about his physical health but also his financial circumstances.

“My father is a cancer survivor and my motivation is him. I sat on the other side, so I know how patients feel – the devastation they’re going through, anxieties, nervousness … they go through it all. It’s a personal privilege to be able to help these patients.” 

Financial navigators like Rodriguez not only help patients who are being treated for cancer, they also help patients with cardiovascular and chronic diseases, in addition to patients with costly copays for orthopedic procedures. And they’ve been able to help more patients in the past year with the use of TailorMed, a secure, web-based financial assistance platform.

TailorMed says its platform accesses more than 6,000 resources for support including copay cards, foundations, free drugs, social drivers of health and government plans. Social drivers can include costs for transportation, housing, childcare and food assistance.

Rodriguez says the TailorMed software is easy to use. Patients with a care plan in their electronic medical record automatically populate the platform.

“We are able to see the potential savings for that particular patient, what programs they would qualify for, and they (TailorMed) give us an overview of the patient’s insurance.” 

Jacque Doerman, director of Patient Access at OSF HealthCare, says arming financial navigators with TailorMed has allowed them to do more to support patients. It has replaced Excel spread sheets, calendar reminders and other labor-intensive approaches to tracking available grants and prescription drug assistance.

“It really took out the manual work and it was able to automate, make us more efficient, more effective and get to a lot more patients than we were able to before,” she says. 

OSF HealthCare has been able to help nearly 350 patients with copay and drug assistance in the past 12 months using the TailorMed platform. Doerman says that represents $367,000 in help for patients.

“So, it could have ended up where the patient has this extremely large bill. It could have ended up where it even went to bad debt. The dollars that have come to OSF, that $367,000 would have otherwise been some type of patient responsibility and burden that the patient would have had.” 

The National Institutes of Health says cancer care costs have risen from $57 billion in 2001 to more than $200 billion today, placing an increasingly unsustainable burden on patients, families, employers and payers. Stephanie Wilfong, who oversees financial navigators as a Financial Services manager at OSF, says patients too often consider avoiding treatment or abandoning it because of concerns about going into debt.

“The first thing that goes through their mind is they’re going to drain their savings or retirement trying to pay for this and survive and they choose not to,” Wilfong shares. “They choose not to drain it, and they choose not to deal with the diagnosis and that is the saddest piece (because) we can be helping them, and they don’t realize we are here to help, and they don’t have to make that decision at all.”

Can help those with insurance

The Kaiser Family Foundation (KFF) reports that those with health insurance and those with higher incomes are not immune to the high cost of medical care, but Wilfong says many insured patients who have cancer, or another high-cost diagnosis don’t realize how quickly they can go into debt.

“You may have great insurance, but it may be a non-covered drug or a non-covered procedure or we just don’t know, we just don’t know so the first thing you should do is always at least have that contact because you don’t know what’s going to come up and we’re there and happy to help.” 

According to KFF, about 1 in 12 adults or 20 million people in the United States have medical debt. For patients with cancer, prescription drugs account for about 20%of the total costs according to President Biden’s cancer panel. The drugs can be transformative and extend life, but they can be prohibitively expensive. That’s why TailorMed has a pharmacy module being piloted with financial navigators at OSF HealthCare Saint Anthony Medical Center in Rockford.

Enrollment processes, for example for free drug programs, have also been fully streamlined or digitized, where possible, to reduce tedious manual form-fills, faxes and outreach for status updates. Wilfong says it helps with coordinating refills and making sure patients who qualify are continuously receiving the medications they need, often for life-saving treatment.

“It prevents any missed dosages so patients will not be waiting and it’s really nice to see those claims coming in, how much the free drug was approved for. It just allows better site across the board and better communication between all teams.” 

Rodriguez says TailorMed allows the pharmacy team to manage ordering, tracking and keep inventory up to date on the free and replacement drugs. It also enables her to provide more help to people such as a patient who recently unexpectedly lost his job and was helped by Maria and TailorMed. His wife wrote a grateful patient note that read, in part, “We are in her debt and truly grateful for her dedication and compassion during a time of isolation and struggle. We thank God for her and for the OSF staff.”

Maria Rodriguez and Jacque Doerman

Stephanie Wilfong

TailorMed demo B-roll

No one was looking forward to a Los Angeles Dodgers/New York Yankees World Series matchup more than Charley Steiner. The former ESPN broadcaster used to call Yankee games and has spent the past two decades calling Dodger games on the radio. But Steiner, a Bradley University graduate, has missed the entire baseball season due to health reasons. In January of this year, Steiner, 75, was diagnosed with multiple myeloma. 

Multiple myeloma is a relatively uncommon cancer. The American Cancer Society estimates that nearly 35,000 new cases were diagnosed in the U.S. this year. Of those, about 12,500 deaths will occur.  While rare and incurable, multiple myeloma is still a cancer that warrants plenty of attention.

With multiple myeloma, cancerous plasma cells collect in the bone marrow, leaving little room for healthy blood cells. Rather than produce useful antibodies, the cancer cells produce abnormal proteins that can cause problems.

“Multiple Myeloma is a blood cancer, and it actually affects the white blood cells called plasma cells," says Peggy Rogers, a genetics and medical oncology nurse practitioner with OSF HealthCare. "They work to make antibodies and when they work normally all is well. But in multiple myeloma these plasma cells go awry, so to speak, and they make an abundant amount of them, which decreases a person’s immune system and can cause a lot of other health issues related to this diagnosis.”

There are several risk factors when it comes to multiple myeloma, including age, family history, and gender.

“It is not very common. It’s only about 1-2 % of patients affected with cancer," says Rogers. "Typically it affects people 65 and over, predominantly seen in males and higher frequency in the African American population and we’ve also seen it in men affected by Agent Orange.”

Multiple myeloma symptoms vary. In fact, there may be no symptoms early on in the disease. But if you are experiencing nausea, loss of appetite, unexplained weight loss or frequent infections, some investigation might be in order.

“Patients oftentimes can present with renal dysfunction," says Rogers. "They can have bone pain, anemia, and they may have frequent infections as well.” Charley Steiner's symptoms – terrible back pain – started a year ago. 

Treatment depends on how advanced the cancer is and whether there are any symptoms. If there are symptoms, treatment may include chemotherapy, stem cell transplantation, radiation, or targeted therapy, which uses drugs to attack specific cancer cells with minimal damage to healthy cells. If there are no symptoms, treatment may not be needed right away.

Steiner says his cancer is now in remission. He hopes to return to the Dodgers' broadcast booth next season. 

“It is very treatable and patients do well with therapy," says Rogers. "They will likely be on some type of maintenance therapy for the duration. They are living longer and having more success in longer intervals between treatments.”

For more information about cancer services, visit OSF HealthCare.

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