Kids are back in school, and between early bus rides, a packed day of classes and after-school activities, they can get hungry. So, what should parents pack to give their children the energy they need throughout the day?

Nicole O’Neill, RD, a dietitian with OSF HealthCare, says parents should remember that kids have different nutritional needs than adults. 

“They need fuel, so you have to give them good fuel,” she says. “Things like protein, fiber and fats are going to be the most important part. And remember, their little bellies are smaller than ours, so they can't eat three square meals and have just enough. They probably need a snack, especially if they get up earlier now than they did in the summer. If their lunch hour is earlier than noon, if they play sports, if they have a gym class, snacks are important for kids.”

What makes a healthy snack?

The best snack depends on the child, including their tastes and what they are actually willing to eat. But O’Neill says a good starting point is to pair foods that provide protein, healthy fats or fiber. For example, she recommends apples with peanut butter. Fruit cups packed in juice can also work, especially when paired with a protein or fat, such as a cheese stick.

“I personally recommend, for snacks, apple and peanut butter. That is an easy win right off the bat,” O’Neill says. “I do like the fruit cups in fruit juice, but you need to pair that with something that has a little protein or fat, like a cheese stick. Cheese and crackers is a great option.” 

O’Neill also likes homemade snacks, such as energy bites made with peanut butter, banana, oatmeal and a few chocolate chips.

Get kids involved

Parents can also get their children involved in picking out their snacks with some guidance. “Because every kid is going to want candy or chips, but you do have to offer them something that they like,” O’Neill says.

She recommends taking children to the grocery store, letting them help pick out a few options and trying those foods at home before packing them for school. “Still get their input, see what they like, see what appeals to their eyes, and try it at home before you send it to school,” she says. “Make sure they genuinely, truly like it.”

Timing matters

How often a child needs a snack can depend on their age, schedule and activity level. A child who leaves home early, has gym class or participates in sports may need additional fuel throughout the day.

For young athletes, O’Neill recommends having a snack before practice or a game. A snack after the activity or on the way home can also help keep hunger in check before dinner.

When choosing packaged snacks, O’Neill recommends reading nutrition labels and paying attention to sodium and the percent daily value.

Above all, she says, parents should focus on providing foods with nutritional value while remembering that treats can still be part of a healthy overall diet.

“When you go to the grocery store, it's important to pick good things, not just candy, not just chips, which those do have a role in a normal diet. You can't eliminate all of that all the time,” O’Neill says. “But if we're going to have a snack every single day after school, it needs to be a beneficial snack that gives nutritional value.”

For healthy recipe options, visit OSF HealthCare.

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You haven’t eaten for several hours and you’re starving, consumed with ravenous thoughts about what you’re going to eat next. Or you just finished a hearty meal, and you’re already making your way to the refrigerator or cupboard to see what you can munch on.

In either case, you could be experiencing food noise.

“Food noise is an intrusive, compulsive, constant thoughts about food that's getting in your way,” says Nicole O’Neill, a dietitian with OSF HealthCare. “It's running your life. It's causing you to make poor decisions about your food intake, and it's often something you don't want. I enjoy thinking about food because I like food but it's not bothering me. So, I would not call that kind of thought about what I'm going to make for dinner a problem. But if all you do all day long is think about what the next thing is. That's food noise, that's a problem.”

Skipping meals, avoiding specific foods and being stressed out can all contribute to food noise.

“Because if all you're doing is thinking about food, eventually you’re going to give in,” adds O’Neill. “And it's not that food is bad, but if you're preoccupied with, let's say, a whopper or donuts or whatever random processed thing, eventually you will not have the willpower to avoid it, and then you're going to be eating too many calories. If your goal is to maintain a healthy weight, it's going to get you in trouble.”

Food noise can be triggered at certain times of the day or during certain situations. O’Neill says the best way to stop the noise is to address what’s causing the problem. One way is by eating something every two to three hours. And avoid any unnecessary restrictions. O’Neill recommends staying flexible with your diet unless you have food allergies or a medical condition that prevents you from eating certain things. She adds that GLP-1 medications can reduce food noise in some patients. It's important to work with your medical and insurance providers to find the right fit. 

Ways to manage food noise

Eat intentionally. Avoid watching TV while you eat so you can pay attention to what you’re eating and how much you’re eating.

Exercise. It not only preoccupies your mind, but exercise helps to regulate hunger hormones, and it’s a great way to reduce stress which can cause you to overeat.

Stress. This can be a problem because stress impacts your gut and your mental health. And when we’re stressed, we tend to reach for pizza and chips rather than healthier options like apples and celery sticks.

Sleep. A lack of sleep contributes to many problems, whether it's inability to deal with stress or inability to deal with your surroundings. O’Neill says if you're not getting enough sleep, your defenses are low and you’re probably going to give in to those food temptations. Poor sleep also increases hunger hormones and makes food thoughts louder and more frequent.

Sometimes food noise is caused by the body not getting enough protein, fiber or fat; your brain will keep pushing you to seek food. 

“I think if you're really struggling with food noise issues, you should try to omit processed foods,” says O’Neill. “Really focus on whole fresh foods. So, you're getting protein, fats and fiber, plenty of carbs, because we need to have those things. And if you're just eating processed stuff, you miss out on a lot of the good, fresh stuff.”

O’Neill says food noise has always been a common problem for many people. But it doesn’t have to consume your every waking moment.

 “Working with a dietitian is always going to be helpful if you are struggling with food noise,” O’Neill says. “I also think working with a therapist or a counselor, if it really runs your life, is an excellent process. There's no one size that fits all though. It's a very personal, very difficult thing to deal with. But we're here to help.”

For more information about help that is available, visit the OSF HealthCare website.

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Due to overall health benefits and the increased concern of gastrointestinal cancers in younger people, #fibermaxxing is one of the latest health trends to hit social media. 

“Protein has a competitor right now, and I’m not mad about it,” says Jeanna Brouwer, oncology registered dietitian with OSF Cancer Support Services. “Fibermaxxing is when people are going above and beyond past the recommended daily amount you need, which is about 25 grams for women and 30-38 for men. Fibermaxxing is usually when people are tracking their fiber and trying to get between 40 and 70 grams of fiber in a day.”

Brouwer says that fiber is a powerhouse to help prevent all kinds of cancer. Yet most Americans aren't getting the right amounts. 

The American Society for Nutrition (ASN) reports only 5% of men and 9% of women are getting the recommended daily amount of dietary fiber. 

The ASN reports that eating more fiber can reduce your risk of heart disease and diabetes as well.

When #fibermaxxing goes too far

“Fibermaxxing can be a wonderful and beautiful thing that helps you get adequate nutrition for long-term health; however, you need to be methodical about it. Some people overdo it very quickly,” Brouwer says. “You can jump from only getting 15 grams a day all the way to 50, and you’ll notice some impact in your system. That can show up as gas, bloating, changing in your bowel habits and being uncomfortable.”

For certain cancer and gastrointestinal patients, fiber intake needs to be limited.

“There are some in the population, like my patients who receive radiation to the GI area, where we want to restrict fiber for a little bit,” Brouwer says. “Some people with severe cases of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) need to be very methodical and work with a health care provider. Other people who are having GI surgeries or recovering from surgery, you don’t want to go extreme with fiber.”

Diversify your fiber

Adding more fiber into your diet isn't just switching to whole-grain breads and pastas. Brouwer says you want to "diversify your fiber," starting with fruits and vegetables. She lists some more tangible additions to our diet that can spur on nutritional benefit. 

• Barley, quinoa and oats
• Nuts (walnuts, almonds) and seeds (pumpkin and chia)
• Beans and legumes

"Pick a meal that you love and think about how you can add fiber to that," Brouwer says. "That can be throwing beans in your favorite salad, sprinkling chia seeds in your cereal or yogurt. It's slowly sprinkling these things in for the total day's count."

Fruits and vegetables aren't just fiber powerhouses; they're adding a whole list of other health benefits as well. The colors in your fruit and veggies have cancer-fighting antioxidants called polyphenols. Brouwer says polyphenols help feed the good gut bacteria and decrease inflammation. These nutrients help prevent all kinds of chronic disease. 

The type of fiber you choose also can make a difference. Natural fiber is always the best, Brouwer says, as some mainstream items can contain synthetic fibers and cause excess gas and bloating. 

Prebiotic vs. probiotic: What's the difference? 

If you've walked down the grocery aisles lately, you've probably seen the terms "prebiotic" and "probiotic" thrown out many times. 

Brouwer says probiotics are live bacteria and yeast that can benefit your gut health and fight off bad bacteria. Prebiotics are food for the good gut bacteria that already exist in your gut. Fiber-containing foods, Brouwer says, contain prebiotic fibers in them naturally. Bananas and artichokes are two great examples, she says. 

This trend comes as colorectal cancer awareness month approaches in March. Additionally, actor James Van Der Beek, who announced his colorectal cancer diagnosis in 2024, passed away from the disease in February. Recent data released in early 2026 suggests colorectal cancer is now the leading cause of cancer deaths for adults under 50. 

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Sydney Russell, oncology dietitian at OSF HealthCare and coordinator of the OSF HealthCare Cancer Institute Teaching Kitchen, says simple dietary additions like fiber-rich seeds, antioxidant-packed fruits and vegetables and plant-based proteins can help strengthen the body and improve your quality of life.

The power of ginger for nausea relief

Ginger has long been used as a natural remedy, and modern research supports its benefits, particularly for people undergoing chemotherapy. Ginger contains an antioxidant compound called gingerol, which helps reduce inflammation and manage nausea.

"Gingerol is one of the antioxidant compounds found in ginger. It's excellent; from reducing chronic inflammation to helping relieve joint and muscle pain," Russell says. "It also helps manage nausea. Many of my patients undergoing oncology treatment are struggling with nausea. So, ginger tea, ginger broth and ginger smoothies can be great ways to help and keep nausea at bay."

Antioxidants: “Eating the rainbow”

Antioxidants are found in a wide variety of fruits and vegetables and play a role in supporting overall health and reducing cancer risk. Russell encourages people to focus on variety.

"We refer to it as eating the rainbow," Russell says. Adding all kinds of berries, fruits (like oranges) and veggies (leafy greens) into our meals daily can help add much-needed antioxidants into our lives, she adds.

"It's important we add protein and fiber (into our diets). I would encourage emphasizing antioxidants as well. That is going to support our overall health, but specifically when we're talking about cancer and ways to reduce our cancer risk," Russell says. "Those antioxidant-rich foods can be an excellent thing to include in our diets."

Fiber: A hidden powerhouse

Many Americans do not get enough fiber in their daily diets, yet it plays a key role in digestive health, blood sugar balance and cholesterol management.

It's a "hidden powerhouse," Russell says. Pumpkin seeds are a great way to add fiber into your diet, and you can add them to things like yogurt parfaits, granola and baked goods. This feeds the bacteria in your gut to promote a healthy gut microbiome. It also keeps your blood sugars balanced and helps with cholesterol.

Russell says vitamins and minerals help our bodies function better overall. Pumpkin seeds have magnesium and zinc in them, which are great for our immune system and support both heart health and hormone health. This is impactful for those in their cancer journey, helping to keep their bodies strong.

Plant-based proteins that support gut health

Plant-based proteins can be an excellent option for those looking to diversify their diet or reduce meat intake without sacrificing nutrition.

Lentils are versatile and a great way to get that needed fiber and protein and can be a substitute for meat. Not ready to fully give up meat? Russell says you can mix the lentils with meat and go half and half.

Tempeh lettuce tomato (TLT) is an alternative to a BLT. The tempeh is a plant-based protein source and is much firmer than tofu. It can have a bacon-like flavor when marinated in a mixture of low sodium soy sauce, maple syrup and liquid smoke. It can be found in the health foods section or plant-based section in the grocery store.

Tempeh is great for gut health, adding prebiotics into our diets.

Fruit that does more than taste good

Some fruits offer unique benefits beyond vitamins and antioxidants. Golden kiwis, for example, are easier to eat for some patients and provide hydration and digestive support.

Golden kiwis have great fiber found in the skin, and are sweeter than green kiwis, so they're easier to eat. They also have fantastic vitamin C levels and help keep you hydrated. They can help relieve constipation as well.

A fresh start in the new year

Russell encourages people to view the new year as an opportunity to explore new foods and expand their dietary habits.

"New Year is the perfect time to start thinking about healthy eating, it's a fresh start. The importance of trying new foods would be to expand your palette. There are so many different flavors and textures out there, as well as so many different health benefits from expanding that palette," Russell says.

By focusing on whole foods, fiber, antioxidants and nutrient-rich ingredients, Russell emphasizes that small, sustainable changes can make a meaningful difference, especially for those navigating cancer care and recovery.

It’s always important to speak with your oncology team first about dietary decisions.

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Have a plan.

It's something any health care provider will tell a person with diabetes. Plan your meals and know your body’s red flags and know how to respond. Then, you’re best able to enjoy meals, whether at home, work or out with friends.

Nikki McBeath, RN, BSN, a diabetes resource educator at OSF HealthCare, agrees. She’s sharing tips for a diabetes-friendly lunch that keep your blood sugar in check.

• Generally, McBeath says to choose foods that are high in protein, fiber and healthy fats. Healthy fats can be found in avocados, nuts, seeds, fish, peanut butter and olive oil. Avoid unhealthy fats, like processed meat, fried foods, full-fat dairy, coconut oil and palm oil.
   
• Take Sunday night to meal prep for the week. Then, you don’t have to think about your food choices. It doesn’t have to be a daunting task, McBeath says.
  
  “With a lot of the patients I see, I recommend going to the store and getting steamable bags of vegetables. It’s super easy. You put it in the microwave for three minutes,” McBeath recalls. “There are lots of simple versions of foods. Get them [at the store], and make them quickly at home. It’s easier than people think. They just have to be on the lookout at the store.”
  
  Simple-to-make bagged chicken is another healthy grocery store choice. In fact, a favorite dish of McBeath’s is garlic chicken, Brussels sprouts and brown rice. The American Diabetes Association also has healthy eating tips.
   
• Eating lunch at a restaurant can present challenges. It’s a limited menu, and there’s temptation to lather your morsels in sauces and dressings.
  
  “Go to restaurants that let you substitute ingredients or ask your meal be cooked a certain way. Ask how things are prepared,” McBeath suggests. “Avoid fried foods. Ask for light or fat free dressing. Be mindful of the extra calories that come with big portions.”
  
  When the waiter or waitress asks about dessert, McBeath says moderation is key. She says most desserts are high in carbohydrates due to high sugar, flour and dairy content.
  
  “Throughout the day, count your carbs. Leave some room [in your carb budget] for something sweet,” McBeath says. “Portion yourself. Have the dessert right after your meal. Don’t wait a couple hours because you might be hungry for more.
  
  “Try substitutions like dark chocolate for regular chocolate or white chocolate,” she adds. That’s because dark chocolate has less sugar substitute.
   
• Busy at work? Constantly on the go? Avoid making the fast food drive-through your second home. Instead, McBeath says you can choose a granola bar that’s high in protein, fiber and healthy fats. And watch the serving size. If it’s one or two bars, make that your meal, not the whole box.
  
  “Pair the granola bar with something like string cheese or peanut butter,” McBeath says. “Adding some fiber or protein can make it more of a meal and give it more of a balance for your blood sugar.”
   
• Know your body’s warning signs. Symptoms of high blood sugar, McBeath says, include dry mouth, increased urination and generally not feeling well. Low blood sugar, she says, is more concerning in the moment. You can feel shaky, anxious, have blurred vision and even pass out. So, always have supplies handy. You can eat hard candy, honey or glucose tablets as prescribed by a provider to counteract low blood sugar. Bring your glucose meter to lunch, too.
  
  “Better safe than sorry,” McBeath says.

Learn more

Visit the OSF HealthCare website for healthy recipes and more information about how to manage diabetes.

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We’ve all been there. That uncomfortable feeling in your gut. The annoying stomach pain. The bloating and the difficulty of having a complete bowel movement. No matter what you do or what you try, you just can’t go.

You might be constipated.

Many times, it’s a temporary setback. Maybe it was that late night pizza or one too many hot dogs that has you backed up. But for others, it can be a chronic problem due to diet, medication, lack of exercise or dehydration. Sometimes, constipation can be a sign of something more serious.

Constipation usually means three or fewer bowel movements a week, says Breanne Gendron, a nurse practitioner with OSF HealthCare.

“Constipation is usually defined by discomfort in their abdomen because they haven't been going to the bathroom and having bowel movements as often as they should,” she says. “Some people have bowel movements every day. Some people have bowel movements every third day, and that's their normal.” 

There are plenty of reasons why people get plugged up from time to time. Certain medications can play a role in constipation. Pain medications, calcium supplements and some antidepressants have an influence.

Opioids bind to receptors in the intestines, which slows down the movement of food and waste (stool) through the colon. Additionally, opioids also increase water absorption in the intestines, making the stool harder and more difficult to pass.

There are other factors that can impact bowel movements such as travel, stress, a lack of activity or anything that interferes with your normal routine.

“The most common cause of constipation is dehydration, lack of activity and not enough fiber in your diet,” says Gendron, who adds that fiber provides bulk to stools, making them easier to pass. “It’s easy to add fiber powder to your coffee in the morning. But when you have fiber without hydration that can cause issues; so, it's about making sure that you're getting 40 to 60 ounces of water every day.” 

There are also non-diet and exercise-related causes of constipation. Structural changes such as a tumor or hemorrhoids can cause constipation and so can stress and anxiety.

Constipation can frustrate anyone, from young children to older people. Children between the ages of 5 to 12 will complain to their parents of stomach pain due to a lack of regularity. As for older adults, the digestive track tends to slow down as we age.

“I can say 30 to 40% of people over the age of 65 have constipation issues,” Gendron says. “So, it is a common thing that older people deal with. As we age, we have to have a plan. That means getting more active, drinking more water, eating fiber or adding a fiber supplement to their life.” 

Making changes 

Becoming regular again usually boils down to dietary and lifestyle changes. Gendron says the fiber goal should be 25 to 30 grams each day. Some of the best foods that help with fiber intake include beans, leafy vegetables, oatmeal, nuts, berries and apples.

Take time for at least 30 minutes of exercise a day. Walking is great way to kickstart your bowels. And establish a routine. Get in the habit of going to the bathroom at the same time each day. And never put off the urge to go.

If you’ve tried all these things and still feel stuck, talk to your medical provider, who might order an x-ray for a closer look.

“I usually recommend some combination of over-the-counter options,” says Gendron. “MiraLAX® is safe because it's not absorbed systemically. It just pulls fluid into your bowels and helps things move along.” 

Constipation is considered chronic when the problem lasts three weeks or longer. Gendron says that many people end up in the emergency department with constipation due to the length of time and discomfort they experience.

So, if your constipation does not go away through diet, hydration and exercise, or your symptoms become worse, such as blood in your stool, fever or vomiting, it’s time for medical intervention.

For more information on constipation and other gastrointestinal issues, visit the OSF HealthCare website.

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We’ve heard that processed and ultraprocessed foods (foods changed from their natural state) can be bad for our health. High levels of trans fat, saturated fat, salt and sugar can be found in things like crackers, chips and soda. That can lead to heart disease, obesity, diabetes and other ailments.

But Rachel Bauman, a registered dietitian at OSF HealthCare, admits it’s sometimes a matter of convenience. Processed foods can be cheaper, easier to cook, have a longer shelf life and have a lower risk of food-borne illness.

So, how can we learn to live with processed foods? Bauman says as you grocery shop, look for healthier options that you can eat in moderation.

• Bread: “If you go to the store and they have a bakery, that bread would be considered processed,” Bauman says. It’s not a bad option.
  
  “If you go to the bread aisle for things more commercially baked, that would be ultraprocessed,” she adds. “With any ultraprocessed bread, I would look for whole grains and a high amount of fiber. That would be the healthiest choice that’s good for heart health and still has shelf life.”
   
• Meat: Freshly cut meat from the grocery deli is an option, but Bauman says the level of processing will vary by the store. Either way, lean toward chicken, turkey and seafood, she says. Steer clear of lots of hot dogs, sausage and dried meat like beef jerky. If you do want some red meat, try a lean cut like round or loin.
   
• Yogurt: Instead of a flavored yogurt with unhealthy sweeteners, opt for plain yogurt and add fresh fruit or honey.
   
• Beans: “Any bean that’s dried and doesn’t have additives would be healthy. Even with canned beans, you can find low sodium varieties,” Bauman says. “You can drain and rinse the beans, and that will cut back the sodium too.”
   
• Hummus: It’s a good source of fiber and heart-healthy fats, Bauman says. Look for hummus made with olive oil, she adds.
   
• Oatmeal and cereal: They’re ultraprocessed, Bauman says. But there are healthier kinds.
  
  “Buy varieties with less sugar and sodium. You’re still getting that fiber from the whole grains,” she says. “You can certainly continue to eat those foods.”

Change is hard but worth it

This subject is something Bauman says she talks with patients about a lot. Old habits are hard to break, as the saying goes. So what’s the advice to, say, swap out the chips for plain yogurt?

“Don’t put too much pressure on yourself. We have to be realistic with our budget and schedule,” Bauman says. “Take small steps. One or two changes a week. Slowly improve the diet. Don’t expect a full change overnight.”

It's also never a bad idea to talk to your primary care provider or dietitian about changing what you eat. And the OSF HealthCare website has plenty of healthy recipes.

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Read more stories featuring dietitians at OSF HealthCare in Pontiac, Illinois, here.

For mom

Anderson says it’s no problem for pregnant women to have onions in their diet.

“They are very rich in antioxidants. That’s something we don’t get a lot of. They’re really high in vitamin C,” Anderson says. “They have fiber, magnesium and potassium. Fiber and magnesium help with digestion, and magnesium helps with cramps. Potassium is really good for blood circulation and blood pressure.”

But, there are the usual precautions. When adding raw onions to a meal (a salad, for example), wash them to remove any bacteria. And don’t overindulge. For example, don’t have a greasy, processed cheeseburger as an excuse to get your daily onion intake.

“Onions are a high FODMAP food, which means there are carbohydrates that are harder for some people to digest,” Anderson adds, noting that a woman’s digestive system changes a lot when carrying a baby. “So if you have a sensitive digestive system, onions could cause bloating. If you have irritable bowel syndrome, onions can make that flare up. Cooking onions helps break down some of those carbohydrates and aids digestion.”

For baby

Infants should consume breastmilk or formula exclusively for at least the first six months, Anderson reminds. But after that, introducing onions is like introducing any other food: Slow and steady wins the race.

One option: Sauté some onions to soften them, cut the food into small pieces to prevent choking then work the onions into the store-bought baby food.

“Make it easy for baby to chew. They’ve never had to do that before,” Anderson points out. “It’s good to let them learn how to chew, but we need to make sure the foods are easy to chew.

“Onions help develop a baby’s palette,” Anderson adds of the benefits of the vegetable. “Experts are finding that introducing strong flavors like that can prevent picky eating in the future.”

Precautions and warning signs to know: If the baby is extra fussy or gassy or has an allergic reaction like a rash or diarrhea, take the onions out of the diet and see if that improves things. See a health care provider if symptoms don’t improve.

Myth vs. fact

Do a web search for “babies and onions,” and you’ll find a lot of claims.

• Can onions help with colic, a condition where a healthy baby cries for a long time? Not so fast, Anderson says. In fact, onion-induced gassiness could make the baby even more fussy.
   
• Some say putting an onion in my baby’s crib or sock or giving them onion water can help with baby’s health. 
  
  “It’s supposed to draw out toxins,” Anderson says, repeating what she calls an “old wives’ tale.”
  
  But, Anderson says science doesn’t back the claims up. In fact, onions can irritate a child’s skin and eyes.
   
• Can eating onions help with teething, when the baby’s teeth emerge? There’s actually some truth to this one, Anderson says. To try it, skip other types and focus on green onions. Let the food cool in the refrigerator before giving it to the little one.
  
  “It’s teaching them to bring things to their mouth and chew. It’s a food that’s cool and not super hard. As they chew, it will break down. But it’s not going to disintegrate in the mouth,” Anderson says.
  
  All this can help with pain and inflammation, Anderson says. Just watch your youngster at all times while chewing.

Learn more

Read more about how to have a successful pregnancy and birth on the OSF HealthCare website. The health system or social service agency near you may also offer classes to master baby feeding.

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Food deserts – neighborhoods that don’t have quick access to a grocery store with healthy options – are, sadly, nothing new. They lead to quick stops at the fast-food place or gas station, where healthy food may be at a premium.

But have you ever taken a deep dive into how food deserts can significantly impact a person’s health? And more importantly, what can be done about the problem?

Clare Spires, an exercise physiologist at OSF HealthCare, has some things to keep in mind. Spires also knows about food insecurity firsthand through her support of two OSF programs: Peace Meal, which provides meals in-home or at a central site to people 60 and older, and Smart Meals, which provides a meal kit for a family of four and teaches them to cook.

“We want diets high in fruits, vegetables and fiber and low in saturated fat. Gas stations and fast-food restaurants provide the flip side. They often provide no fruits and vegetables, food high in saturated fat and no good fiber food,” Spires says.

How to navigate food deserts

• Planning meals for the week is key, Spires says. Estimate how much food you’ll need and how much you have to spend.
   
• If you can’t help but go to the eatery or gas station often, choose healthier options.
  
  “I’ve found gas stations are very similar to grocery stores. As long as you stay on the outside perimeter, you’ll stay away from candy and chips that will be down an aisle,” Spires says. “When you walk in, there’s usually some sort of fresh fruit or vegetable right there. Pretzels are really great filling snacks. Nuts are good for you. You have granola bars too.”
  
  One caveat: Spires says to check labels of packaged salads at the gas station. She says they are often heavy on unhealthy preservatives.
  
  At restaurants, opt for a grilled chicken sandwich and water rather than a cheeseburger and soda. Spires also says healthy choices are sometimes hidden on the kid’s menu. Look there for things like apple slices, and make that your side instead of fries.
   
• When you can get to the grocery store, make wise choices. Spires suggests canned fruits and vegetables that have a long shelf life. For vegetables, look for options with low salt. You can also rinse the veggies at home to remove some of the salt. For fruit, look for options that are canned in 100% juice or water, not syrup.
   
• Consider creating a garden at home or advocating for a community garden in your neighborhood. Spires says this allows you to bank up healthy food for the winter. It’s also likely going to be cheaper, she says, given the rising cost of groceries. And working outside provides benefits to your physical and mental health, too.
  
  “It’s a little extra work, but it pays off in the long run,” Spires says.
   
• Talk with a dietitian, nutritionist or wellness expert about making diet changes.

How to help people who are struggling

Spires says everyone can help in the fight against food insecurity. Get to know your community so you know which groups are struggling, such as parents struggling to afford school lunches for their kids. Then, talk to health care groups, social service groups and government groups about changes. For example, it’s not uncommon for residents to encourage their city council to recruit a grocery store to town.

The consequences

Frequent meals from the gas station or drive through can lead to obesity, heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure and high cholesterol.

“Fast food is notorious for being high in salt. Those foods retain water in our body and can lead to heart and lung problems,” Spires says.

Childhood obesity, Spires adds, is a big problem in the United States and can set kids up for a lifetime of health problems and doctor visits.

Learn more

If you have concerns about food insecurity, contact the OSF hospital near you to see if it offers a program like Peace Meal or Smart Meals. The OSF HealthCare website has healthy recipes.

Social service agencies or schools in your area can also help. Spires says food pantries typically are open to accommodate adults who work different shifts.

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Terminology

David Rzepczynski, MD, an OSF HealthCare gastroenterologist, says it’s important to first lay out some similar sounding terminology.

• Diverticulum (singular) or diverticula (plural): These are the bulges that form when an inner part of the colon sticks out through a weak spot in the colon wall.
   
• Diverticulosis: This is the name of the condition when the bulges occur.
   
• Diverticulitis: This describes when the bulges become inflamed.

Causes, symptoms and diagnosis

Dr. Rzepczynski says diverticulosis occurs when your colon is trying to push stool forward, and the organ is not as bulky as it should be. The diverticula bulges then form.

The condition has been more common in people over 60, but Dr. Rzepczynski says health care providers are seeing a rise in cases in people in their 40s and 50s.

Diverticulosis can run in families. It’s also tied to your lifestyle.

“A diet that has more red meat, less grain and less fiber might put you at a higher risk,” Dr. Rzepczynski says.

Smoking, excess alcohol and obesity are also risk factors.

Symptoms of diverticulosis include abdominal pain or constipation. But it often comes with no symptoms and is found during a colonoscopy.

Treatment

Dr. Rzepczynski says in mild cases, a provider may tell you to change your lifestyle, such as getting more fiber in your diet. This makes bowel movements smoother.

“Often, people will look to use fiber supplements,” Dr. Rzepczynski says. “The amount of fiber intake from supplements pales in comparison to what you can get from your diet.”

Also, eat a healthier diet overall. Dr. Rzepczynski says there used to be a myth that nuts, popcorn and seeds would get lodged in the colon bulges. He says studies have shown those foods are not a risk factor.

Other lifestyle tips: exercise and cut out tobacco and alcohol.

Dr. Rzepczynski says more serious cases of diverticulosis can come with two complications. One is bleeding.

“You could have a blood vessel on the outside of the diverticulum. If it ruptures into the diverticulum, it could cause sudden bleeding from the rectum,” Dr. Rzepczynski says.

Dr. Rzepczynski says bleeding from diverticulosis is not common. He ballparks it at around one in 2,000 cases. People on blood thinning medication who develop diverticulosis have a higher risk of bleeding.

While unpleasant, Dr. Rzepczynski says most bleeding cases resolve on their own.

The second, more serious complication is diverticulitis, or when the diverticula bulges become inflamed. This happens when there is a tear in the diverticulum, and bacteria from stool leaks. And it can lead to a host of other problems: pockets of pus known as abscesses, issues passing stool and a urinary tract infection.

Symptoms of diverticulitis include pain in the lower left abdominal area, abnormal bowel movements, nausea and vomiting. If you have these symptoms, it’s important to been seen by a health care provider quickly. A doctor may order a computed tomography scan (commonly called a CT scan) to diagnose diverticulitis.

Dr. Rzepczynski says it’s not common for diverticulosis to progress to diverticulitis, and most cases of diverticulitis can be treated at home with oral medication. But, he says 12 to 15% of diverticulitis patients spend time at the hospital. Treatments there include antibiotic medication through intravenous therapy (IV) and surgery. If surgery is necessary, a doctor will drain any abscesses then remove the inflamed area of the colon.

“They’ll try to reconnect the colon at that time,” Dr. Rzepczynski explains. “But if the surgery is done on an emergency basis, sometimes the person may have a colostomy where part of the colon is coming out through the skin. That’s a temporary measure.”

A colostomy comes with a bag on the outside of your body that collects the waste that would normally leave your body via a bowel movement.

Dr. Rzepczynski warns that surgery isn’t a permanent fix. He says around 15% of diverticulitis patients who have surgery end up with another bout. It reinforces the importance of lifestyle changes. You should also get on a colonoscopy schedule as advised by your health care provider.

Learn more

Read more about how to avoid diverticulosis on the OSF HealthCare website.

Interview clips

Anal and rectal cancer occur in parts of the body near each other, and they both have prevention steps and time-tested treatments. But they are different types of cancer, says Raman Kumar, MD, a colorectal and general surgeon with OSF HealthCare.

Rectal cancer

Dr. Kumar says the rectum is the last part of the colon, where stool is stored.

Signs of rectal cancer include bleeding, irregular bowel movements (such as the shape of the stool changing and the inability to have a complete bowel movement), weight loss, fatigue and pain in the rectal area.

Rectal cancer impacts men and women roughly equally, and it’s seen “at almost any age,” Dr. Kumar says. If you smoke and eat a lot of red meat and processed food, your risk will go up.

Anal cancer

Dr. Kumar says the anus is where stool comes out. He says signs of anal cancer can be like those of rectal cancer. But often, he says an anal cancer diagnosis starts when a person believes they have hemorrhoids, or when the veins or blood vessels around the anus and lower rectum become swollen and irritated due to extra pressure.

“It turns out not to be a hemorrhoid. It could be a mass or a lesion. You could have some bleeding, especially when you’re wiping with toilet paper or wet wipes,” Dr. Kumar says.

Anal cancer’s prevalence in the United States is “very low,” Dr. Kumar says, with around 8,000 cases per year. Around two-thirds of the cases are women, and it’s more common in age 50 and up.

“The number one cause of anal cancer is HPV, the human papillomavirus,” Dr. Kumar says. “So, it is considered a sexually transmitted disease.”

But he says you don’t have to be sexually active to get anal cancer. Regardless, there are vaccines for the most common HPVs that cause cancer.

Prevention and treatment

Symptoms aside, Dr. Kumar says there’s a must-do for anal and rectal cancer prevention: get on a colonoscopy schedule as advised by your health care provider. A colonoscopy is when a provider inspects your colon and surrounding areas using a tiny camera on the end of a tube. Dr. Kumar says generally, colonoscopies start at age 45. But they could start earlier if you have a family history of cancer.

Other tips: Don’t smoke. Exercise regularly. Eat a healthy diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables and fiber. Thirty grams of fiber per day is a good goal, Dr. Kumar says.

If you do have symptoms of anal or rectal cancer, see a provider to get checked out.

Dr. Kumar says treatment for anal cancer is usually chemotherapy and radiation therapy. He says when treated properly, the typical five-year survival rate is around 80%.

“The only times we would operate on anal cancer are to get the original [cancerous] mass out and if the cancer comes back,” Dr. Kumar explains.

For rectal cancer, Dr. Kumar says around 40% of people can also be treated with chemotherapy and radiation. Others will need surgery to remove the cancer. But Dr. Kumar says medicine has progressed to where people can typically avoid a colostomy, or when a part of the colon is diverted outside the skin to bypass a damaged part of the colon. This is temporary and comes with a bag that collects the waste that would normally leave your body via a bowel movement.

Learn more

Read more about prevention and treatment of rectal and anal cancer on the OSF HealthCare website.

Interview clips