Did you have a childhood hero? If so, you likely aspired to emulate them and their achievements.  

Nowadays, your kids may see their favorite athlete or influencer using pre-workout supplements, whether on social media or in stores, to enhance their performance in the gym or on the field.

What are pre-workout supplements?

Pre-workout supplements come in various names, flavors, and sizes. Some popular options are creatine and branched-chain amino acids (BCAA). While creatine and the main ingredient in most pre-workout supplements is caffeine, most BCAAs don’t contain caffeine.

These supplements are taken before a workout or athletic match with the goals of increasing endurance, muscle mass, and reducing recovery time. But the question is should middle- or high school-aged kids use these supplements? The answer: Probably not.

What are the risks of pre-workout supplements?

“These can cause increased heart rate or heart burn. You’re also taking a lot of supplements that are going straight to your gut. You can see some nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation. They’re also not well-monitored, the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) isn’t regulating these very closely,” says Erica Dawkins, a dietetic intern with OSF HealthCare.

Taking it further, kids with heart defects need to steer clear of these supplements.  

“A lot of times we see defects or heart irregularities that somebody isn’t even aware of. They don’t know that until they take something like this and have an adverse event,” Dawkins says. “So, if you already know, avoid these because we don’t want to throw that heart into an abnormal rhythm it might not be able to come back from.”

What are the benefits of pre-workout supplements?

“A lot of them will already have beta-alanine or branched-chain amino acids which help improve recovery time and reduce fatigue,” Dawkins says. “We also see some nitrates used that help improve blood flow to the muscles.”

Most pre-workouts are intended for healthy adults in moderation. Pregnant and nursing women are generally advised to avoid them due to the high caffeine content.

Alternatives for improving athletic performance in kids

“Focus first on making sure you’re having quality workouts, then introduce healthy nutrition,” Dawkins says. “We want to make sure we’re getting that nutrition throughout the day. Especially if we’re working out multiple times throughout the day. If you’re working out within two to four hours, make sure you’re getting a snack. We see a lot of benefits for pre-workout snacks or snacks during half-time. We also want to make sure we’re staying adequately hydrated.”

Dawkins says leafy and root vegetables like spinach, lettuce and beets are a great, natural option.

“Those have the natural nitrate in it. So, we’re getting the same effects we would from a pre-workout supplement, just in our regular diet,” Dawkins adds.

Having a conversation with your child’s pediatrician or sports medicine physician is extremely important if you are wondering what supplements should or should not be added into their routine.

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It’s common knowledge that exercise is good for you. But recent research suggests the timing of when you work out may provide additional health benefits you didn’t expect.

Researchers released a new study in the British Medical Journal’s (BMJ) Open Heart publication focused on timing workouts due to the participant’s internal clock. So, what does that mean?

Darrel Gumm, MD, vice president of OSF HealthCare Cardiovascular Institute in Peoria, Illinois, explains, "If we sync that exercise to a person's natural circadian rhythm, there's even more additional benefit on top of what you're already getting," Dr. Gumm says about the recent study. 

"So, if you're a morning person, work out in the morning. If you're a morning person working out at night, you're going to get a benefit, but it won't be as profound as doing that in the morning. Vice versa, if you're a night person and you work out in the morning, you're going to get a benefit, but not as much as if you timed it to your natural circadian rhythm and when you're most alert."

Dr. Gumm says timing your exercise according to when you’re most alert benefits all our modifiable risk factors but especially helps lower our blood pressure. And the best part is, you are your body's top expert. Knowing whether you're a morning person or a night owl will help you decide when to schedule your exercise. 

The type of exercise this study revealed to be better during your natural circadian rhythm were aerobic exercises, which is exercise that works your muscles repeatedly and in a rhythm. “It was a five-minute warmup, 30-minute workout, five-minute cool down,” Dr. Gumm adds.

A study like this offers physicians like Dr. Gumm and other cardiologists at OSF HealthCare Cardiovascular Institute an opportunity to share the research findings with people they see in the clinic and make personalized recommendations for modifying their lifestyle. Knowing whether someone is a morning person or night owl can help tailor the care and recommendations they receive. 

"It's a great opportunity to emphasize the importance of physical activity. It's easy for us to ignore it, put it to the side and forget about it. But our standard recommendation is 30 minutes a day, five days a week," Dr. Gumm says. "If you can do 150 minutes a week, you're really getting a benefit."

The greatest impact the study reveals, Dr. Gumm says, was on lowering participants’ systolic blood pressure. These 150 people were adults in Pakistan, between the ages of 40 and 60, who mainly live sedentary lifestyles.

“But even LDL cholesterol (bad cholesterol) showed a bigger drop in those who aligned their workout time with their circadian rhythm," Dr. Gumm says. "It dropped in both groups, whether you were aligned or not, but there was a bigger drop in the aligned group."

Exercise also helps increase HDL cholesterol, or the healthy cholesterol. It can also help drop a person's triglyceride level, which in turn can increase their HDL levels. Avoiding simple carbohydrates like white rice, white bread, pasta, sugar, potatoes and alcohol can decrease your triglyceride levels and bump up your HDL levels, Dr. Gumm points out. 

If you can’t make time for 150 minutes of exercise a week, Dr. Gumm recommends "exercise snacking." Examples are walking up and down three flights of stairs, three times a day, three days a week. Parking your car a little further from the office and getting in extra steps – simple things that you can modify easily into your daily routine. 

Your primary care provider can help come up with a plan that fits your lifestyle. 

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For many people, turning 50 is a landmark birthday. It not only means reaching a half a century, but it’s often a time to reflect. It’s an opportunity to think back on your life up to that point, while also looking to your future.

From a health standpoint, reaching your 50s could bring on seismic changes, especially if you haven’t always taken care of yourself. It means increased risks for chronic conditions like heart disease, diabetes, high cholesterol and some cancers.

It also means developing other changes like slower metabolism and bone density loss. That’s why experts say now is the time to make your health a high priority – getting annual physicals and screenings, paying attention to your mental health, re-evaluating what you eat and carving out more time for exercise. 

For Travis Swink, DO, a family medicine provider with OSF HealthCare, having these important conversations with patients centers on physical activity. According to Dr. Swink, we start losing muscle strength in our 30s and the trend continues from there. That’s why physical activity is so important by the time we reach our 50s.

“The problem is that when we get into our 50s, we get kind of complacent,” he says. “We stop exercising, we stop taking care of ourselves, and we're getting into the limelight part of our career. So, we tend to slow down. We need to find out where their activity level is at at that point.” 

Dr. Swink says starting in our 40s, people tend to gain about five pounds a year. This can be chalked up to poor eating habits and lack of activity. By the time 50 rolls around, many Americans are 20 to 30 pounds heavier than we should be.

Get moving 

The physical activity doesn’t have to be anything rigorous, like training for a marathon. Unless that’s your motivation. Dr. Swink says the simpler, the better. But you should do something seven days a week.

“What I tell people is, when we get into our 50s, it's not about running, it's not about cross training, pickleball even, it is about walking,” he says. “And if we can do 15 minutes twice a day, that's your best activity.”

Dr. Swink adds that walking is the second-best activity behind jumping rope, which most people probably won’t do in their 50s. He says the key is to dedicate time and purpose to walking. Walking from one job site to another doesn’t count. If you work in an office, take a break or use part of your lunchtime to get in one of your walks. But remember to stretch first to warm up your muscles before heading out the door.

When it comes to strength training, Dr. Swink recommends using free weights instead of machines. And repetition is more important than the amount of weight.

“I don't want them to do any machines with heavy weights,” he says. “I find that doesn't do very well for certain joints, because as we age, we lose some of our flexibility and range of motion, and a free weight allows you to manipulate that. And so do bands. Bands really limit how much you're going to lift, and they’re very good to use.”

As far as diet goes, Dr. Swink says the best way to track what we eat is by writing it down or using a calorie-counting app.

“The problem is that we have become a very carb generated society, and so most of the time I have people actually write a diet diary, even if they're not overweight, and we sit down and we look at it, because most of them will have a 70 to 80% carb ratio, and that, in itself, is going to be very poor for their health. So that's where I approach it, first.” 

Instead of bread and pastas, Dr. Swink recommends choosing proteins like meat, fish, eggs, nuts and non-starchy vegetables (leafy greens, broccoli, cauliflower, peppers, mushrooms) for low-carb options.

Dr. Swink says, for those over 50, that intermittent fasting should not be included in your lifestyle. By fasting you’re putting yourself in slight starvation, which slows your metabolism. “I'd rather have 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. and eating three meals a day and not eating past six o'clock,” he says. “Then doing your exercise after your last meal, where then you're taking and breaking down any extra storage before you go to bed.” 

Dr. Swink adds that the key is everything in moderation. And making changes like curbing alcohol use and making a pact to give up tobacco use could lead to your best decade yet. 

 

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Now that the New Year has come and gone, many resolutions have done the same. But Dr. Birhanu says it’s more important to make behavioral modifications than setting a date to lose weight.

“Behavioral modification is very important for people to lose weight. People can lose weight, then they gain it back. But if you have a reason why you want to lose weight and you are happy with the result, you are more likely to maintain your behavior,” Dr. Birhanu says.

For Lori Boaz, a patient in the wellness and weight management program at OSF Saint Anthony Medical Center in Rockford, her reasons were to keep up with her grandkids better and get both her knees replaced.

“I hope to get my new knees within the next year,” Boaz says.

Meeting with the weight management team at any OSF location isn’t just putting together a diet to go on, Dr. Birhanu says the team will work with you to put together a healthy lifestyle plan. He adds that setting expectations is key.

“I don’t want them to expect too much or too little. After they lose weight, I always ask them what other things in their lives improved because of the weight loss,” Dr. Birhanu says.

Boaz is roughly halfway to her weight loss goal and is getting closer to being able to get those knee replacements she’s been wanting.

“We set goals. The main goal was to lose 100 pounds,” Boaz says. “I didn’t want to diet. Because I’ve lost weight before, and I gained it back. I wanted to eat healthy and be healthy, so every choice I made I had that in mind.”

Dr. Birhanu says losing weight and gaining weight is a common occurrence, because your metabolism goes down each time you lose weight. But he says there are ways to combat this.

“Exercise improves your metabolism, so we advise them how to exercise,” Dr. Birhanu says. “If a person never exercised in the past and now, you’re asking them to exercise, there are injury possibilities, so we work with our physical therapy team to evaluate them.”

Boaz says even when she meets her goal, she wants to continue meeting with her weight management team at OSF.

“We’ll just set another goal! Because I’ll still have weight to lose,” Boaz says. “I think I’ll just do this for the rest of my life!”

OSF HealthCare offers weight management programs all across the Ministry. Dr. Birhanu’s team is located at OSF HealthCare Little Company of Mary Medical Center in Evergreen Park.

They may think, “What if I'm working out alone and find myself short of breath or worse?”

Experts say workout warriors and their parents need not be afraid. You can work up a sweat with asthma if you know your body and prepare for possible problems. 

OSF HealthCare athletic trainer Brittany Delaney says short bursts of exercise are better. 

Also, cold weather and chlorine can cause flare-ups.

If you do suffer chest pain, shortness of breath or other symptoms of an asthma attack, rest and use your inhaler. 

Delaney suggests leaving the inhaler with someone so you know exactly where it is. 

“I see a lot of athletes who carry their inhaler, but are they following directions? Are they only taking their medication when they're starting to feel symptoms? A lot of people with asthma actually have inflammation daily. They should be taking medication daily,” Delaney says. 

If your symptoms don't get better quickly, call 9-1-1. 

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The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) makes clear that energy drinks are “fundamentally different” than sports drinks like Gatorade or Powerade. 

But scrolling through social media or strolling through the grocery store aisle, and the lines start to blur a bit. When quarterback Justin Fields was a rookie, he inked an endorsement deal with C4 – an energy drink brand.

More recently, CELSIUS signed six Heisman Trophy “hopefuls” to NIL (name, image and likeness) deals. The company’s slogan is “live fit,” a motto many athletes can relate to.

Karan Rai, MD, is a sports medicine physician with OSF HealthCare who works in partnership with Illinois State University to see and treat ISU athletes. He says he’s having a lot of conversations with athletes about these types of drinks, and he always urges caution.

"Quite a few of them are not FDA approved," Dr. Rai says. “The reason that matters is that we often don't know the exact ingredients or mix of ingredients that are in the drinks. Depending on what's in the drink, that can affect your performance and your health. For example, caffeine is commonly involved in making these drinks.”

CELSIUS and C4, both have 200mg of caffeine content in a 16 ounce can. In contrast, a can of Pepsi has 38mg in a 12-ounce can, while an average 8-ounce cup of coffee has between 80-100mg of caffeine. Dr. Rai says higher levels of caffeine can have a negative effect on performance.

"It can cause excessive energy, anxiety and jitteriness, which depending on your sport or activity, can affect how you play,” Dr. Rai says. "The data is still a little bit mixed on the benefit things like green tea extract or guarana are providing, which are commonly marketed and used in sports drinks. 

In terms of what liquids athletes are putting into their bodies, Dr. Rai likes to break down hydration based on the activity.

"In activities that are generally 60 minutes or less, I recommend maximizing your water intake and timing that for at least 30-60 minutes before your activity," Dr. Rai says. “Then as you get into longer duration activities with more endurance, and you're pushing that 60-minute mark or longer, that's when you need to look into the type of electrolytes you're ingesting as well. Looking at drinks or gels out there that have a mix of sodium and potassium. Those typically help with performance during your activity.”

Another sign if you’re drinking enough water? The color of your pee.

"I often tell my patients and athletes to consider their urination. Typically, we have various scales we use based on your urine color, the amount you're urinating and how thirsty you feel. That can play a role in deciding if you need to hydrate with water alone or use a sports drink like Powerade or Gatorade. Or if you need to adjust your salt intake, things like that," Dr. Rai says.

If you have an underlying heart condition, are younger than 18 or are pregnant, Dr. Rai urges you to steer clear of these drinks.

“With quite a few of the sports performance drinks nowadays, which CELSIUS is one of them that's more publicized, the amount of caffeine in it, and ingredients like guarana, which has a caffeine component to it, can exacerbate underlying arrythmias,” Dr. Rai says. “This can put someone with a pre-existing risk at a higher risk.”

Sports drinks like Powerade and Gatorade have a sugar and electrolyte component that is "fairly safe," Dr. Rai says. But the effects of Celsius, Prime and other drinks out there aren't fully understood yet. So, proceed with caution. Talk with your primary care provider or sports medicine physician to get an individualized take on it. 

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Gym moms, if your child is a future Olympic athlete, you'll always be able to say you were their first-ever gym partner. 

Becoming pregnant doesn't mean you have to toss your exercise plan to the side, says Mfowethu Langeni, DO, a family medicine physician at OSF HealthCare who specializes in Obstetrics. 

In fact, it's the opposite!

As your baby sits and kicks in the womb for nine months, Dr. Langeni says core exercises and strength training like lifting weights are great ways to prioritize both mom and baby's health.

"(Labor) does take a lot of stamina, strength and core strength. But all women are different," Dr. Langeni says. "Some women push for hours during labor; some don't need to push much at all. Either way, strength conditioning and core training before and during pregnancy will help overall."

 Are you a marathon runner? That doesn't have to stop either. 

Dr. Langeni says high intensity cardio and even power squatting are recommended for pregnant moms. 

He recommends talking any exercise plan over with your OB/GYN before getting started, and to make sure you avoid any exercises that could cause trauma to your stomach.

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Health Highlights Video Version Without Chyrons

In the sports world, victory can be just inches or seconds away.

Think about ‘The Longest Yard’ in Super Bowl 34 between the Tennessee Titans and St. Louis Rams. In the final play of the game, one yard was all that stood between the Titans and the Vince Lombardi Trophy.

Or look at the 2024 Summer Olympics! Noah Lyles earned the United States a gold medal after winning by just five thousandths of a second in the 100-meter final.

Athletes look for game changers to help propel themselves ahead of the competition, and creatine has entered the chat.

Who does creatine work for?

“Creatine, when used appropriately, can improve your max power. It can help with muscle growth in certain individuals, it typically does not have as significant of an impact when you're doing more endurance-based sports," says Karan Rai, MD, a sports medicine physician with OSF HealthCare. "If you're a weekend warrior or CrossFit athlete trying to get a little extra boost, while practicing appropriate hydration and dietary intake, I think creatine has benefits.” 

Dr. Rai adds that in the realm of supplements, creatine has been “decently studied over the years.” He says football players, power lifters and track sprinters could benefit from the supplement. However, if you’re training for an upcoming Ironman or triathlon, it’s really not necessary.

Hydrate, hydrate, hydrate!

It’s no surprise that extreme exercise increases the amount we sweat. With or without creatine, that’s reason enough to up your water intake. But Dr. Rai says with creatine, there’s an added reason to why water is so important.

“Commonly I'll find someone who is new to using a supplement and they'll come see me and talk about muscle cramps or excessive fatigue after their workouts,” Dr. Rai says. Oftentimes it's because of an imbalance in their intake, whether that's food intake or hydration."

If you already cramp constantly or are not as experienced in weight training, Dr. Rai would recommend caution in using creatine. He says to talk to your primary care physician or a sports medicine physician to see if creatine is a beneficial option for you.

Best times to use creatine

Before and/or after your workouts are times Dr. Rai recommends taking creatine. He says like most dietary changes, don’t rush it.

"When someone is using creatine, I recommend they start slowly. Typically, utilizing it before the workout and making sure your workout is power based vs. endurance-based matters," Dr. Rai says. “Just starting off, depending on the serving size, use one to two scoops.”

Careful with the caffeine!

Avoid a ton of caffeine consumption if you're using creatine. Caffeine can elevate the heart rate and creatine can cause cramping, so combining those things could lead to "adverse outcomes," Dr. Rai says. 

"Supplements are meant for augmentation," Dr. Rai adds. “A healthy diet, hydrating appropriately while cultivating your goals, whether you're a power or endurance athlete, gives the max benefit. Really we should be looking at creatine or sports drinks as a way to augment and get that extra 5-10% we are pushing for, based off our goals.”

If you’re looking to add creatine to your lifestyle, Dr. Rai recommends creating an individualized plan with your doctor or sports medicine team.

Due to limited data, the American Academy of Pediatrics does not recommend creatine for kids under 18.

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Gym moms, if your child is a future Olympic athlete, you’ll always be able to say you were their first-ever gym partner.

Becoming pregnant doesn’t mean you have to toss your exercise plan to the side, says Mfowethu Langeni, DO, a family medicine physician at OSF HealthCare who specializes in obstetrics. In fact, it’s the opposite!

“Whatever you are doing activity-wise before pregnancy, you can keep on doing those as far as your body will let you," Dr. Langeni says. “Early on in pregnancy, you will have that added weight and body changes. But exercising is totally normal and is actually recommended, about 150 minutes per week.”

As your baby sits and kicks in the womb for nine months, Dr. Langeni says core exercises and strength training like lifting weights are great ways to prioritize both mom and baby’s health.

"(Labor) does take a lot of stamina, strength and core strength. But all women are different," Dr. Langeni says. "Some women push for hours during labor; some don't need to push much at all. Either way, strength conditioning and core training before and during pregnancy will help overall."

Keep on running!

Are you a marathon runner? That doesn’t have to stop either.

"You can run! If you're a runner, you can run a marathon, sprints or whatever you feel that your body can comfortably do. If you're a power squatter, that's also recommended. You can lift weights, take walks or do none of it," Dr. Langeni says. “Studies have shown that you get more bang for your buck during cardio when it's at a higher intensity. Everyone's built differently, so cater to what you can and can't do, and what your body can tolerate.”

The best starting point, Dr. Langeni says, is having a conversation with your OB/GYN. Tell them about your exercise goals, and make sure everything is safe for mom and baby. The main thing to avoid, Dr. Langeni says, is any exercise that would inflict trauma to the stomach.

Full body workouts are great if you’re pregnant or not, Dr. Langeni adds. “Doing core strength helps boost your metabolism and immunity and helps to regain your strength. It also helps with your cardiovascular system.”

Prioritize hydration

While hydration is always necessary, it becomes even more important during pregnancy. Good hydration helps provide a healthy blood supply to mom and baby.

"When you're pregnant, the body starts to change physically and physiologically. Women's blood volume increases by about 50% during pregnancy, so it's very important to stay hydrated," Dr. Langeni says. 

It can even help keep moms out of the hospital in the first trimester or early second trimester.

Drop the cigarettes and alcohol

"Cigarette smoking also has some (negative) implications to the baby. People who smoke cigarettes have a higher chance of having complications in pregnancy," Dr. Langeni says. “You increase your risk of preterm labor, smaller baby in size and increase your risk of maternal issues like high blood pressure.”

Drinking alcohol can also harm the fetus. “Zero alcohol is better,” he emphasizes. The baby can develop something called fetal alcohol syndrome, which comes from chronic alcohol use if the mother drinks alcohol during pregnancy.

Electrolyte drinks and pregnancy

While Dr. Langeni is a proponent of electrolyte drinks in general, he urges caution for pregnant moms to drink them, reminding everyone to keep a close eye on the labels. Different electrolyte drinks will have high amounts of sugar, but he recommends sugar free electrolyte substitutions like sugar free Gatorade and Pedialyte.

Dr. Langeni says moms will naturally gain weight in pregnancy. It’s totally normal! He even says your caloric intake should increase around 300 calories per day to keep mom and baby healthy.

Staying away from processed lunch meats, unpasteurized meats and drinks or seafoods that contain mercury is also a must. 

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We’re in a time right now that Jason Bill, MD, an interventional gastroenterologist with OSF HealthCare calls an “obesity epidemic.”

Data from the Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) would back up that claim, stating that more than 100 million adults in the U.S. are obese. The prevalence of obesity increased over 11% when comparing statistics gathered from 1999-2000 to statistics from 2017-March 2020. In the earlier timeframe, obesity prevalence was 30.5%. The latest data showed obesity skyrocketed to 41.9%.

Tis the reason for countless “magical” weight loss drugs popping up on commercials, food-prep companies offering specials and zero-calorie drinks lining store shelves. But there’s no real sign of promise yet that America’s obesity problem is slowing down. This leaves many frustrated by the never-ending struggle of trying to eat healthily while working out, and not seeing any progress.

If you’re in that demographic, you’re not alone, and there may be a newer option to consider.

Introducing endoscopic bariatric procedures

In the last six to 12 months, Dr. Bill and his team at OSF HealthCare have started performing endoscopic bariatric procedures, a minimally invasive option to help patients lose weight. 

Dr. Bill says this option is perfect for those who either don’t qualify for bariatric surgery or for those who qualify but just do not want to undergo surgical intervention. His team is able to offer two different procedures:  Endoscopic Sleeve gastroplasty and trans-oral outlet reduction. 

"I think the patients that do the best are patients who have a body mass index (BMI) of 30-40 motivated and active, but just not getting to where they want to go with their standard diet and exercise,” Dr. Bill says. "We do everything through the mouth with our endoscopes. We take a camera to the stomach and use an endoscopic device that goes on the tip of the endoscope to run sutures and decrease the volume of the stomach. These are restrictive procedures, with the sleeve gastroplasty we are reducing the volume of the stomach by about 70 percent." 

Another option Dr. Bill’s team offers is called outlet reduction.

“It’s been really nice for patients who have had bariatric surgery and now are a few years out, but they start noticing they feel hungry or are gaining weight," Dr. Bill says. "We use that same suturing device and narrow down that prior opening that has stretched out over time." 

Minimally invasive means minimal recovery time. Patients go under general anesthesia, undergo the procedure, and then go home the same day. Dr. Bill says side effects are minimal as well. You might have some nausea and stomach discomfort for two to three days. However, the symptoms after the outlet reduction are even less severe, leaving patients energized and ready to get back on their weight loss journey.

How could endoscopic bariatrics and weight loss medicine connect?

"I think they should be used together. I think patients who will do best are those that undergo either surgical or endoscopic weight loss procedures initially.  Then, during their follow up consider starting a medication such as Mounjaro or Wegovy that can result in more robust weight loss,” Dr. Bill says. 

‘Take the lifestyle change head on’

The endoscopic weight loss procedure isn’t a get-out-of-jail free card to return to poor eating habits. It’s also not an excuse to cancel that gym membership or give up on daily exercise.

"The follow up after the procedure is probably as important, if not more important than the procedure itself. The procedure is likely to be successful, because your team is highly skilled, but the rest of the success is built on the patient’s motivation, diet, and exercise since it's a lifestyle change. They have to take that head on otherwise the procedure is not going to work,” Dr. Bill says.

These procedures are generally covered by Medicare and Medicaid. However, it’s hit or miss right now with other commercial payers. Dr. Bill’s team collaborates with the weight loss management team at the RiverPlex in downtown Peoria to get patients prepared for a procedure, and you’ll always know ahead of time whether insurance will cover your procedure.

If an endoscopic bariatric procedure sounds like something that would benefit you, you can call OSF Medical Group – Gastroenterology at 309-308-5900.

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Hydration is key. Make sure you’re drinking enough water.

All comments or advice we’ve probably heard or received that sometimes makes the hydration process seem a bit menacing.

That’s why when there’s a potential solution to speed up the hydration process, people listen. It’s also because hydration plays a role in so many facets of life.

-          Sports/fitness

-          Pregnancy

-          Travel

-          Immune health

-          Fighting illness

-          Digestion

-          Brain function

-          Organ health

And the creators of electrolyte drinks know this. Brands like Gatorade, Prime and Liquid I.V. can be found at countless stores with marketing campaigns geared toward the list above.

What are electrolytes?

"Electrolytes are minerals that are used in our body, so when they dissolve in our body fluids or the water we put them in, they have positive or negative charges. That helps your body maintain balance {in many facets of our health}," says Erica Dawkins, a dietetic intern with OSF HealthCare. “It keeps fluid and nutrients flowing in and out of cells and maintains your nerve function, muscle function, heart rate and blood pressure as well."

Research on electrolytes says they “are essential for basic life functioning.” The study, from Isha Shrimanker and Sandeep Bhattari from the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, lists sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and many more as electrolytes we consume on a daily basis.

Diving into the label

Using Liquid I.V.’s lemon lime drink mixes as an example, one stick contains 25% of one’s daily intake of sodium, and 8% of one’s daily intake of potassium. Some boxes will hold 10 or 15 packets within them, containing a powder that can be poured into water, then mixed together. The label says you can get 80% of your daily intake of Vitamin C from one drink mix as well.

Consuming too much sodium and not enough potassium can raise your blood pressure, according to the Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC). Fruits and vegetables, seafood and dairy products naturally contain potassium.

There are 11 grams of added sugars in the drink mix, which makes up 22% of your suggested daily intake. This is something to keep in mind, as a diet filled with a lot of added sugars has been connected to weight gain and obesity, Type 2 diabetes and heart disease, the CDC says.   

Who could benefit from electrolyte drinks?

"With a good, balanced diet and enough water, you're going to have that electrolyte balance you need," Dawkins says. “On a daily occurrence, the drink mixes are absolutely fine to use, but maybe not necessary all the time. If you are having an illness where you're sweating, vomiting or having diarrhea, or if you're an athlete exercising at high intensities or long periods of time and sweating a lot, we definitely want to try to use electrolyte drinks in those situations.”

Who should be cautious of electrolyte drinks?

"Those kidneys are working extra hard to flush out anything we don't need. Anyone who has kidney conditions where their bodies aren't able to do that, they may want to stay away from these drinks or ask their doctor before they use it," Dawkins says. “Or anyone who is trying to watch their blood sugar, a lot of these products do have some extra carbohydrates and added sugar we want to watch. They aid in the absorption a little bit.”

As electrolytes can have an impact on heart rate and blood pressure, Dawkins says those with heart conditions or hypertension (high blood pressure) should be cautious when using these products, because they can add in fluid retention, increase your blood pressure and heart rate. Talk with your cardiologist if you think this may be relevant to you.

Can my kids drink these?

The general recommendation is that children should not begin to drink water until they are at least six months of age. While Liquid I.V. says their Hydration Multiplier® is designed for kids 1+, it comes with the caveat to speak with your child’s pediatrician before introducing this to their diet. Dawkins agrees, adding to make sure to read labels of the product you’re considering trying before purchasing it.

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You may have heard that tea is good for you, but when walking through the grocery aisle and being confronted by a barrage of options, it can be hard to choose.

Ashley Simper, the manager of dietetic services with OSF HealthCare, has done the research and has some helpful guidance.

To start, it’s best to understand the different kinds of teas and where they come from. Simper says black, white, oolong and green tea all come from the Camellia sinensis plant. Herbal teas come from root, stems and flowers of various plants, and they all have different benefits.

What’s the overall healthiest tea?

Overall, Simper says green tea shines above the rest. But diving into the specific benefits of each tea can help people choose what’s right for them.

“Consuming three or more cups of green tea a day leads to the most health benefits when it comes to cardiovascular disease, cancer and the overall risk of mortality,” Simper says. “The research is a little stronger when it comes to promoting heart health. The consumption of three to five cups of green tea a day has also been shown to lower blood pressure, stroke risk, and LDL (bad cholesterol),” Simper says.

Consuming three to five cups of green tea or black tea has also been shown to lower the risk of developing diabetes.

In 2022, a large study in the Annals of Internal Medicine showed that drinking black tea resulted in a modest reduction of overall death. A research team from the National Institutes of Health’s (NIH) National Cancer Institute (NCI) investigated roughly half a million adults, ages 40-60, in the United Kingdom (UK), who enrolled in the UK Biobank study between 2006-2010. The researchers followed participants until 2020 and found a 9-13% lower risk of death among people who drank at least two cups of tea per day than non-tea drinkers.

What makes tea so healthy?

“The compound in tea that leads to these health benefits is polyphenols. Polyphenols are a type of antioxidant, and antioxidants are linked to decreased inflammation and reduced risk of chronic disease,” Simper says. “The highest antioxidant compounds are in the green tea, followed by the oolong, black and then white teas.”

She adds that green tea and white tea contain an amino acid called L-theanine. Amino acids are the “building blocks” of protein, Simper adds.

“L-theanine has been linked to decreased anxiety, improved sleep and boosting mental clarity,” Simper says.

Cancer: Mixed reviews, additional safety tips

“When it comes to cancer, the research is conflicting. People who drank higher amounts of green tea had a decreased risk of liver, ovarian, lung and breast cancers. But it is important to keep in mind, that if you’re drinking really hot tea, you have a higher risk of esophageal and gastric cancers,” Simper says.

To avoid the tea being scalding hot, Simper recommends allowing the just-boiled water to cool down for an appropriate amount of time before taking a sip.

Tea’s impact on the flu

“In lab and animal studies, they have found an antiviral effect with the consumption of green tea. In Japan, they did a study with kids that showed anywhere from one to five cups of green tea a day lowered the risk of flu,” Simper says. “There was also a study where they gargled green tea in a bottle, green tea extract or black tea extract, and there was a 30% decreased risk of flu.”

How to prepare your tea

As Simper mentioned, scalding hot tea can come with its own risks, more than just burning your mouth. But there are other ways, she says, to make sure you’re receiving the most benefit from drinking tea.

“They recommend boiling your own water and steeping it yourself instead of putting the water in the microwave to heat it up. They found you lose some health benefits if you microwave the water in your tea. Fresh is best, steep your own, and boil your own water. But let it cool down to a comfortable temperature before you consume it. “Freshly brewed tea with minimal additives, especially things like sugar and milk, is the way to go when it comes to adding tea to your daily intake,” Simper adds.

Benefits of herbal teas

Depending on which symptoms you’re dealing with, or health benefit you’re looking for, different herbal teas have different purposes.

-          Peppermint teas – Helps with upset stomach

-          Ginger tea – Helps with nausea

-          Chamomile teas – Can help decrease cardiovascular disease and some cancers. It can also help with premenstrual syndrome and help boost immunity, Simper says.

But what about all the caffeine?

“The caffeine in tea is about half the amount of coffee. You would have to drink eight or more cups of tea a day to get to that highest level we would recommend for caffeine. So, it’s not that much of a risk for people,” Simper points out. “However, if you’re going to start drinking three to five cups of tea a day, and you’re not normally a caffeine consumer, you might notice the effects of the caffeine.”

Connection to weight loss

If you’re looking to tea for weight loss, you might be waiting for some time, Simper says. She says the research is conflicting, and weight loss is minimal due to drinking tea. However, switching out caffeinated tea for sodas and coffees filled with sugar would be the healthier choice.

Video Interview Clips

A good chunk of the U.S. has felt the wrath; dealing with snow, strong winds and other dangerous conditions. 

Snow, especially the heavy stuff, means a lot of shoveling. The pressure this puts on our bodies can lead to an array of health-related problems if you're not careful and properly prepared for the winter season. 

Among the people at the greatest risk while shoveling are older adults, people with a history of back problems, and those who have suffered a heart attack or other serious health issue. 

“Every year, thousands of people end up in an emergency department due to things happening when they’re shoveling snow," Henderson says. "These include falls, sometimes people experience heart attacks from extraneous activities, back injuries amongst other things. So, it’s really important to take some caution when you are going to be shoveling snow, and the snow is coming.”

When it comes to shoveling, Henderson says to play it safe. Take your time and be sure to let your loved ones and friends know what you're up to in the event something does happen. 

Don't be afraid to ask for help. She adds to dress appropriately to avoid frostbite, stretch five to ten minutes before you go out in the cold and stay hydrated. 

We have ushered in the New Year. For some, it's that time we pledge to exercise more, save money, find a new hobby, or shed a few pounds. 

A recent Forbes Health survey reports losing weight is the fourth most popular resolution for 2024, trailing only improving fitness, finances and mental health. 

Nicole O'Neill is a dietitian with OSF HealthCare. Her job is to help people navigate the choppy waters of starting diets, especially this time of year.

“Resolutions are big picture things. So, if you have a resolution to lose X amount of weight, go ahead and make it. But then break it down into smart goals, little steps along the way so that you can achieve something and feel like you did something," O'Neill says. 

Resolutions aren't for everyone, so don't feel bad if you don't make one. 

O'Neill says it depends on the person's personality and what other factors are involved such as stress, hormones, pain or lack of sleep.

Health Highlights Video With Chyrons

Health Highlights Video Without Chyrons

En el Medio Oeste, nunca se sabe cuándo el calor se irá de verdad. Sin embargo, a medida que se acerca el otoño y las temperaturas más frescas se vuelven más constantes, es importante priorizar la salud.

Para las personas que no padecen trastornos respiratorios graves, la brisa fresca del otoño puede ser agradable. En cambio, para quienes padecen enfermedades pulmonares crónicas, puede ser una época difícil.

"Sobre todo en las personas con asma o los pacientes con enfisema o EPOC, nos damos cuenta de que algunos de sus síntomas pueden aparecer con este cambio de clima", dice Juanbosco Ayala, MD, médico neumólogo de OSF HealthCare. "Los síntomas como la tos, falta de aliento y sibilancias son habituales y se pueden presentar durante este periodo".

Con el regreso a clases de los niños, los deportes de otoño en pleno apogeo y los virus presentes en el lugar de trabajo, el aire fresco puede significar un aumento de las enfermedades.

El Dr. Ayala afirma que hay algunas formas de protegernos este otoño.

"Tener la vacuna contra la gripe es sin duda una gran manera de protegernos. Además, reconozca cómo cambia su respiración. Pregúntese si está relacionado con el cambio de temperaturas o si se trata de una tos persistente que no desaparece. Un aumento de los esputos que produce cada día, fiebre, escalofríos o sudor nocturno pueden ser motivo de preocupación", dice el Dr. Ayala.

Si bien las alergias de primavera son más frecuentes y graves, el Dr. Ayala señala que las alergias pueden persistir en los meses de otoño.

"No las percibimos tan intensas como en primavera, pero siguen presentes. El aumento que se observa en primavera está relacionado con que los pacientes salen un poco más al exterior o con que hay cambios en la primavera".

El cambio de clima en otoño también puede influir en nuestra forma de dormir. A medida que bajan las temperaturas, aumenta el número de personas que duermen con las ventanas abiertas para respirar un poco de aire fresco. 

"En cuanto a los pacientes con trastornos crónicos del sueño, dormir con las ventanas abiertas no es un problema. Pueden hacerlo. Lo importante es que continúen con sus terapias, como usar su C-PAP todas las noches mientras puedan", añade el Dr. Ayala.

Si los síntomas de resfriado persisten, el Dr. Ayala recomienda acudir al médico de inmediato. Si le preocupa la posibilidad de padecer un trastorno respiratorio o del sueño, puede que lo deriven a un neumólogo o a un médico especialista en el sueño para una evaluación más exhaustiva.

Vídeos de entrevistas

Según un estudio publicado en Journal Pediatrics, la obesidad precoz puede provocar problemas de salud física y mental a lo largo de toda la vida.

Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), la obesidad infantil se ha más que triplicado desde los años setenta debido a una alimentación poco saludable y a la escasa actividad física. Este aumento debe servir también como recordatorio a los padres de realizar controles de colesterol a sus hijos. Los CDC recomiendan que los niños y los adolescentes se realicen un control del colesterol al menos una vez entre los 9 y los 11 años, y de nuevo entre los 17 y los 21 años.

¿Qué es el colesterol?

"El colesterol es una de las moléculas que, en cantidades limitadas, es esencial para que el cuerpo humano produzca células", explica el Dr. Frank Han, pediatra cardiólogo de OSF HealthCare. "En cantidades mayores a las necesarias, podría aumentar el riesgo futuro de enfermedad de las arterias coronarias o cardiopatía isquémica en niños y futuros adultos".

Comparación entre colesterol bueno y colesterol malo

"Existe cierta influencia de lo que comemos en nuestras cifras de colesterol", afirma el Dr. Han. "La idea general de lo que es colesterol bueno y colesterol malo es la siguiente: HDL se considera el colesterol bueno y LDL, el malo o no saludable. La idea general a la que podemos llegar es que hay que seguir una dieta sana para el corazón".

Una dieta sana para el corazón consiste en comer frutas y verduras variadas todos los días. Elija alimentos que contengan principalmente cereales integrales en lugar de refinados. Reduzca el consumo de alimentos ricos en grasas y procesados, y consuma más alimentos preparados por usted mismo y que contengan grasas más saludables.  Puede leer más sobre cómo mantener una dieta sana para el corazón aquí. 

El Grupo de Trabajo de Servicios Preventivos de Estados Unidos (USPSTF) publica directrices sobre el colesterol para la atención preventiva. Los resultados más recientes se publicaron en julio de 2023, y los anteriores, en 2016.

"Comentaron que necesitaban más investigaciones para determinar si los controles rutinarios del colesterol en niños aportan beneficios a largo plazo", afirma el Dr. Han.

Según las orientaciones del USPSTF, los controles de colesterol son beneficiosos para los niños que tienen otras afecciones médicas, como colesterol alto hereditario, señala el Dr. Han.

¿Cuándo es el momento de consultar a un cardiólogo acerca de su colesterol?

El Dr. Han comenta que el médico de cabecera deriva a los niños al cardiólogo.

"Cuando esos pacientes están en nuestro consultorio, nos aseguramos de que estén bien informados sobre lo que implica una dieta saludable y ejercicio", indica el Dr. Han. "Luego, si el niño lo necesita, con o sin la ayuda de nuestros colegas de la oficina de Healthy Kids University, o de un nutricionista, podemos trabajar para mejorar sus hábitos de estilo de vida".

Además de mantener una dieta sana para el corazón, el Dr. Han recomienda que los niños adopten el ejercicio físico como hábito diario con una actividad que les guste.

Vídeos de entrevistas

Con la vuelta a la escuela, los consultorios médicos se llenan de niños que necesitan chequeos, vacunas y, en algunos casos, chequeos cardíacos.  

Esto se da especialmente en el caso de los deportistas, según el Dr. Frank Han, pediatra cardiólogo de OSF HealthCare.  

"Cada vez que los estudiantes regresan a la escuela, es necesario realizar chequeos cardíacos para ayudar a detectar problemas cardíacos en los niños", afirma el Dr. Han.   

Los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud (NIH) efectuaron una evaluación de 10 años sobre la muerte súbita durante actividades deportivas.  El objetivo era caracterizar los datos demográficos y las causas de la muerte súbita cardíaca durante la práctica deportiva en Australia.  Se realizaron casi 20 000 autopsias entre 2006 y 2015.  La mayoría de las muertes fueron de adultos.  

Los resultados mostraron que la reducida cifra de niños que murieron por afecciones cardíacas eran arritmogénicos o presuntamente arritmogénicos, es decir, que producían o eran propensos a producir arritmia cardíaca.  O bien los niños padecían cardiomiopatías hereditarias, una enfermedad adquirida o hereditaria del músculo cardíaco.  

Por eso, el Dr. Han recomienda a los padres que hablen con los pediatras de sus hijos para asegurarse de que están al tanto de si sus hijos padecen alguna cardiopatía.  Si el pediatra intuye que el niño quizá tenga un problema, le recomendará que lo examine un cardiólogo para una evaluación más exhaustiva.  

"La evaluación general para empezar es un electrocardiograma en el consultorio de atención primaria.  Después de eso, junto con una revisión de los antecedentes familiares, se puede recomendar un ecocardiograma o una prueba de esfuerzo para determinar si hay algún problema en las válvulas cardíacas o si el músculo cardíaco es demasiado grueso", explica el Dr. Han.  "Uno de los principales fines de la prueba de esfuerzo es intentar simular el ejercicio más intenso que podría hacer esa persona.  Posteriormente, reuniremos toda la información en nuestra visita para averiguar si hay algún problema."   

Aunque puede ser difícil, sobre todo para los niños más pequeños, conocer los signos de una afección cardíaca, es importante prestar atención si creen que algo no es normal.   

"Pueden decir cosas como que les 'pita el pecho' o que les 'late con fuerza el pecho'. En el caso de los niños mayores, pueden dar descripciones muy variadas; por ejemplo, que les cuesta hacer ejercicio. Esto puede manifestarse como dolor de pecho, dificultad para respirar o fuertes palpitaciones, sobre todo al hacer ejercicio", explica el Dr. Han.  

El Dr. Han señala que no todas las cardiopatías se detectan cuando la persona es joven.   

"Algunas cardiopatías congénitas no se manifiestan de niño, como las cardiopatías genéticas, que pueden aparecer a una edad más avanzada", afirma.  "El electrocardiograma y la ecografía del corazón están diseñados para detectarlas si aparecen a una edad más avanzada".  

El Dr. Han agrega que es muy importante conocer los antecedentes médicos de la familia.  Si en su familia hay antecedentes de afecciones cardíacas, él recomienda hablar con su médico de cabecera y, en caso necesario, someterse a un chequeo cardiológico. 

Vídeos de entrevistas

Obesity early in life can lead to life-long physical and mental health challenges, according to a study in Journal Pediatrics.

This comes as childhood obesity has more than tripled since the 1970s, due to unhealthy eating and low amounts of physical activity, says the World Health Organization (WHO). This increase should also serve as a reminder for parents to get their children’s cholesterol checked. The CDC recommends children and adolescents should have their cholesterol checked at least once between ages nine and 11 and again between ages 17 and 21.

What is Cholesterol?

“Cholesterol is one of the molecules that, in limited quantities, is essential for the human body to make cells,” says Frank Han, MD, a pediatric cardiologist with OSF HealthCare. “In larger quantities it has the potential to increase the future risk of heart artery disease or coronary artery disease in kids and future adults.”

Healthy cholesterol vs. unhealthy cholesterol

“There is some influence on your cholesterol numbers from what you eat,” Dr. Han says. “The general idea of what’s healthy cholesterol and what’s bad cholesterol is: HDL is considered the healthy cholesterol and LDL is considered the unhealthy or bad cholesterol. The general idea that people can take home is to have a heart-healthy diet.”

A few things a heart-healthy diet consists of eating a variety of fruits and vegetables every day. Choose foods with mostly whole grains rather than refined grains. Cut back on high fat and processed foods and eat more foods you prepared yourself, and foods containing healthier fats.  You can read more about maintaining a heart-healthy diet here. 

The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) releases cholesterol guidelines for preventive care. The most recent results were released in July 2023, and 2016 before that.

“They commented on how they need more research to determine if routine cholesterol screenings for kids derive benefits in the long-term,” Dr. Han says.

Guidance from the USPSTF has suggested cholesterol screenings are beneficial for kids who have other medical conditions like family-inherited high cholesterol, Dr. Han says.

When is it time to see a cardiologist about your cholesterol?

Dr. Han says kids are referred to cardiologists by their primary care provider.

“When we have those patients in our office, we’ll make sure they’re well-informed about what a healthy diet and exercise looks like,” Dr. Han says. “Then, should the child need it, with or without the assistance of our colleagues in the Healthy Kids University office, or a dietitian, we can work on improving their lifestyle habits.”

Along with maintaining a heart-healthy diet, Dr. Han recommends kids make physical activity a daily habit with an activity they enjoy.

Video Interview Clips

Whether you’re an avid hiker or just enjoying the fresh breeze on a fall walk, preparing for your journey is key.

Karan Rai, MD, who specializes in sports medicine at OSF HealthCare, offers these tips to make your hike safer this season, no matter your hiking experience level.

Map out your adventure:

“First things first, try to get a map of the trail you’re going to take, and account for how much time it will take to get there and get back. Usually, adding an extra 10% gives you sufficient time,” Dr. Rai says. “Always try to inform somebody of where you’re going and what your projected time back will be.”

Dr. Rai says this is extremely important, especially because hiking trails are known to not have the best cellphone service.

“Take a look at the weather. As the seasons change, sometimes we might be due for some rain or cooler conditions,” Dr. Rai adds.

Bring a first-aid kit:

“When going hiking, regardless of duration, have a basic first-aid kit on-hand with supplies such as Band-Aids, gauze and antiseptic,” says Dr. Rai.

He says bringing a multipurpose tool can prove helpful, too. Some of the gadgets inside of it can be a knife, or an eyeglass repair kit in case your glasses break.

Proper footwear and hiking poles:

“We can underestimate how strenuous some of these hikes can be, so making sure you brought a great pair of shoes is a readily available trick everybody should utilize,” Dr. Rai says.

Dr. Rai adds hiking poles can help hikers of all skill levels on all different kinds of terrain.

“They can help take the load off your knees. They add a bit of a different stress, because they force you to utilize your upper body and core muscles. So, it makes it more of a full-body exercise.”

Watch your back:

“Look ahead of you and look down to make sure you’re walking on the trail, but also take a look backwards. Trails can appear different while you’re making that return route,” Dr. Rai says.

Stay on the trail:

The chance of getting hurt increases if you choose to get off the hiking trail. Dr. Rai recommends paying attention to signs during your hike and following the mapped-out trail.

“As much as you might want to get that perfect picture of the waterfall, try to stick to the marked trails,” Dr. Rai says. “In general, when you’re going off trail, that increases your chance of injury. Whether that’s stepping into an unmarked hole or running into some wildlife, those are some of the common pitfalls. Depending how far you go off the trail, it’s a lot harder to have people find you if you are unable to get back to the trail.”

Hydrate, hydrate, hydrate!

A lack of food and water can cause a fun hike to go downhill very quickly. Sandwiches and protein bars can easily be stored in a pack while hiking, but Dr. Rai says make sure you bring enough water to keep you fully hydrated.

“Depending on the duration of your hike, it varies based on how intense it is. But generally, packing at least 1 liter of water per hour for a beginner’s hike. Then as the intensity level increases, add a half-liter per hour,” Dr. Rai says.

Most trails will have a rating or intensity level assigned to them if you look them up online. There are multiple apps available to download on cellphones to take a look at your trail before you venture out.

Common injuries while hiking:

No matter the difficulty of your hike, injuries can happen.

“Commonly we’ll see ankle sprains or knee contusions,” Dr. Rai says. “That can be from falling or stumbling while hiking.”

But some injuries happen without falling on, or off, the trail.

“Other times people can get rashes or sunburns. This goes back to not accounting for some weather-related changes,” Dr. Rai adds. 

Health emergencies can happen:

While more serious health emergencies are rare, they’re still possible, and it’s important to be prepared.

“The toughest part is knowing what to do in those situations. Understand what CPR entails, and know how to do chest compressions,” Dr. Rai urges. “Also have a good way of contacting someone for help. Whether that’s being in an area with cell service or even having a whistle handy. Oftentimes that sound carries further than our voices, it also helps preserve our energy during a more life-threatening or severe situation.”

While it may seem like there are many tips to keep in mind while hiking, Dr. Rai says it’s a great form of cardiovascular exercise and a fun experience for the family.  If you’re new to hiking, he recommends telling your health care provider that you are starting to hike and see if they offer any further guidance. 

Video Interview Clips

B-Roll

A TikTok video has gone viral claiming only eating fruits for 72 hours can provide miraculous benefits. The video from the “HealthyToMe” account, which has over 8 million views, shows an AI-generated “doctor” who makes numerous claims regarding this diet. It also includes a widely-used AI-generated voice to read the text on the screen.

Ashley Simper, manager of Dietetic Services with OSF HealthCare, breaks down the claims and what is myth vs. fact.

Claim #1: After 12 hours, you will experience improved digestion. Your body will start to digest and absorb the nutrients present in the fruits. The dietary fibers will reduce bloating, relieve your swollen belly, and alleviate stomachaches.

“Fiber is important to help keep our digestive system moving. But if you have a sudden increase in fiber in your diet, as you would if you ate all fruits for three days straight, it can have the opposite effect. The claims to reduce bloating can be quite the opposite. It can actually promote bloating, abdominal cramping and pain,” Simper says. “What we would recommend is a slow increase in fiber as well as making sure you’re having adequate fluids (eight 8-ounce glasses of water daily), we don’t want to do something like that overnight.”

Claim #2: After 24 hours, you will start burning bad fats. Your body will enter a state of nutritional ketosis, meaning it will begin using stored fats as a source of energy.

“The claim that it’s going to burn bad fats through ketosis, which is pulling your fat from your stored energy, is completely false. You have to have the absence of carbohydrates in the diet to induce ketosis. Fruit is a carbohydrate-containing food. You’re not going to be inducing ketosis with an all-fruit diet in three days,” Simper says.

Simper adds that she does not recommend ketogenetic diets for weight loss.

“It is not sustainable, and it can lead to nutrient deficiencies. The best way to burn body fat is to reduce calories and increase physical activity,” Simper says. “If you lose weight within three days on an all-fruit diet, it’s likely going to be water weight. You can sometimes lose lean mass at the same time, we don’t want to lose that muscle mass.”

Claim #3: After 48 hours, you will experience reduced illness. Your immune system will be stimulated by the vitamins, minerals and antioxidants present in the fruits.

“Nutrients in fruit, like antioxidants and fiber can help boost your immunity and reduce illness, this certainly will not happen overnight,” Simper says. “What’s important for your overall health is to eat a variety of foods, consistently for days or even months, to see those benefits.”

Claim #4: After 72 hours, your organs will undergo detoxification. Your body will have benefited from a digestive break and detoxification. You will have more energy, clearer skin and an anti-aging effect.

“Detoxification of our organs happens naturally in the body. We have built-in mechanisms that help rid our body of waste. Fruit is high in water, so it can help you stay hydrated and flush some of the waste of the body out through the kidneys, but this is not some kind of miracle detox that happens when you eat fruit for three days,” Simper says.

Simper adds her dietetic practice does not promote anything that claims to detoxify our bodies.

“Especially things like over-the-counter supplements, those can be very dangerous,” Simper adds.

While this diet could improve your energy temporarily, it’s still a low-calorie diet, which Simper says can make you feel more sluggish.

The video goes on to claim the best fruits to include in this “fasting period” are antioxidant rich berries, apples, oranges and grapefruits, kiwis and pomegranates.

Simper calls this 72-hour fruit diet an “overly restricted fad diet.”

“This has some very far-reaching and false claims. Although it’s not going to be dangerous to someone to eat only fruits for 72 hours, if you’re considered a somewhat healthy individual. What’s important is adding a variety of foods in your diet, reducing your calories, and pairing it with physical activity to see those long-term solutions for your health.”

If you have any questions about your diet, you can speak with an OSF HealthCare dietitian. Find providers and locations here: https://healthlibrary.osfhealthcare.org/Search/85,P01156

Video Interview Clips

Not all sports injuries are directly related to contact or force. Many injuries, like overuse, happen over time and are often due to not being properly prepared.

Overuse injuries are repetitive microtraumas from using the same parts of the body, often while overtraining. Microtrauma can be identified as smaller tears in muscle fibers, stress on a tendon, or bone bruising. The most common early symptoms of overuse injuries are pain and inflammation.

“Stretch and make sure you’re ramping up into activities slowly,” Keith Corpus, MD, orthopedic sports medicine surgeon with OSF HealthCare and Great Plains Orthopaedics says. “When I’m talking to my post-operation patients or patients with overuse injuries, we have to focus on building back slowly.”

Dr. Corpus says overuse injuries worsen exponentially over time, and if you don’t allow yourself to rest, you can end up with long-lasting health problems.

“A lot of the injuries turn into chronic problems that are hard to get better. A lot of them are not surgical. For example, bad tennis elbow. 99% of tennis elbow gets better without surgery,” Dr. Corpus explains. “Anytime you have a chronic patellar tendinitis or quad tendinitis, if that tendon is getting weakened in some way, it leads it to increased risk of rupture. If you let these things go unresolved, they can build to bigger and bigger problems.”

One common contributor to overuse injuries that Dr. Corpus sees in patients is from weightlifting. He says minor soreness from lifting weights is not something to be worried about but allowing your muscles to heal after a workout is paramount.

“You shouldn’t go back to that activity until the soreness you developed from the first go-around has resolved. If you keep going at it, it’s just going to build inflammation in that muscle group and you’re going to get into the cycle that’s hard to break out of,” Dr. Corpus says. “Certainly, go back to it, go lower weight, lower reps than you think you should, and go fewer sets than you think you should.”

Dr. Corpus says if you are sore the next day, take an anti-inflammatory pill, apply ice to the soreness, stretch, and do a different physical activity to keep your muscles working.

“Go for a walk or light jog. Keep using the muscles, just in a different way. If you want to go back and do lifting again on that same muscle group two days later and you’re still sore, skip that day. Go to something else and don’t go back to that muscle group until it’s resolved.”

If you’ve experienced an overuse injury that won’t go away, a visit with a sports medicine doctor may be needed. You can find resources and providers here: https://www.greatplainsortho.org/

What are the most common types of overuse injuries?

Treatment of an overuse injury

If your child is overdoing it, the goal of treatment is to control the pain, promote healing, prevent complications, and restore normal use of the injured area.

Initial treatment for overuse injuries includes R.I.C.E. (rest, ice, compression, and elevation).

Talk with your child's healthcare provider if the injured area has a prolonged, visible deformity. Or if severe pain keeps your child from using their arm, leg, wrist, ankle, foot, or knee.

Other treatment choices may include:

• Medicine
• Activity restrictions
• Splint or cast
• Crutches or wheelchair
• Physical therapy (to manage pain, identify impairments that may have led to injury and treat to reduce complications)
• Surgery. Your child may need surgery if the injury happens again, they have pain that doesn't get better, or a muscle, tendon, or ligament is badly torn.

Dr. Corpus says he and his team see Little League Elbow or Little League Shoulder often. The repetitive, overhead throwing can lead to soreness, fatigue, and loss of control. The take home message is to rest.

“When we have kids come in with little league shoulder, the main treatment is shutting them down from throwing a baseball. They are able to live their life, but we have them stop throwing for usually at least a month. Then once everything has calmed down, we start a very gentle and slow return to a throwing program and ease back into things. At the same time, we also focus on mobility, strengthening, and mechanics of the throwing motion to make sure we aren't putting undo stress across the shoulder,” Dr. Corpus says.

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