But these annual visits are about far more than getting a signature on a form.

A yearly sports physical gives healthcare providers an opportunity to evaluate a young athlete’s overall health – physically, mentally and emotionally. From identifying hidden medical concerns to discussing stress, burnout and injuries, these appointments can play an important role in keeping kids healthy both on and off the field.

A chance to catch concerns early

According to Jessica Higgs, MD, primary care managing medical director, Central Region with OSF Medical Group, one of the biggest focuses during a sports physical is heart health.

“A big one we screen for is something called hypertrophic cardiomyopathy," Dr. Higgs says. "It's a change in the way the heart is built that makes it harder for blood to get out of the heart. It can result in sudden death and can be made worse by more activity. The best way to screen it is to have both the parent and student present. Because the parent has some family history that maybe the student doesn't know, so they can say if there are any cardiac issues that run in the family. The kid can also say if they're having any symptoms, and you can put those things together."

During sports physicals, providers also screen for concerns involving the heart, lungs, asthma, previous injuries and concussion history.

“There are some heart conditions that develop as a student goes through puberty and shortly thereafter. These may be things that don't impact them when they're younger but do become an issue when they're playing sports. Sometimes they're more willing to tell the doctor than they are to tell their parent when something is bothering them."

If symptoms or concerns are identified during the visit, additional testing, such as an EKG or imaging, may be recommended.

Sports physicals are required annually for students participating in IESA and IHSA athletics, but Dr. Higgs says students involved in club or travel sports should also continue scheduling yearly visits.

Looking beyond physical health

Sports physicals can also serve as an important annual check-in on a child’s mental and emotional well-being.

Balancing academics, practices, travel schedules and pressure to perform can contribute to stress, fatigue and burnout – especially for students playing the same sport year-round.

Dr. Higgs says overuse injuries are common in young athletes who repeatedly use the same muscle groups without enough rest.

"Actually, everyone should take a break. Even if it's just for a couple weeks, but a couple months is even better. Especially is the kid doesn't feel like they enjoy it as much. You can encourage them to take a month or two off and see where they're at."

She also encourages families to support students who want to try different sports and activities.

"The student should play what they really love," Dr. Higgs says, pointing out that if they want to play it year-round, that's fine. But if they want to play a different sport for a certain season, that's fine, too, as it can work a different group of muscles, they can meet new friends and learn new skills.

Most experts, including the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine, recommend that young athletes play multiple sports and avoid year-round specialization in a single sport until at least age 12, and ideally until ages 15–17.

These appointments also allow students to bring up lingering injuries or concerns they may not feel comfortable discussing elsewhere.

Part of the visit may include one-on-one time between the provider and student, creating an opportunity for more open conversations.

Dr. Higgs says having both the parent and student present during certain parts of the appointment is especially important. Sports physicals include a questionnaire developed alongside the Illinois High School Association (IHSA), and research shows answers are significantly more accurate when both contribute.

Even for children who do not participate in organized sports, yearly wellness visits with a pediatrician or primary care provider remain important for both physical and mental health screenings.

At the end of the day, a sports physical is about much more than eligibility to compete.

It is an opportunity to make sure young athletes are healthy, supported and prepared for success both on and off the field.

Sports physicals can be scheduled with your child’s primary care provider. You can also visit an OSF PromptCare location. Visit the OSF HealthCare website to schedule their appointment today.

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Tens of millions of kids in the United States participate in organized sports. Roughly one in five of them are on a travel sports team.

In Illinois, the Aspen Institute’s Project Play reports 62% of kids ages 6-17 play on a team or take sports lessons.

The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services launched an initiative called Healthy People 2030, where one of the objectives is to have 63.2% of children ages 6-17 participating in sports. As of the most recent data reported in 2022-2023, the status of this initiative is reported as “getting worse,” and sits at 54.6%.

A major goal of these initiatives is to promote physical activity in kids. But how do travel sports, and sports in general, have an impact on kids’ mental health? Jessica Higgs, MD, the primary care managing medical director, Central Region, with OSF HealthCare shares the pros and cons.

"If a student is not performing the way they should, or they're not getting as much playing time and this is their identity, that can really have a detrimental effect if they suddenly think they're not very good at their one thing," Dr. Higgs says. 

This can cause low self-esteem, among other mental health challenges.

"It can also be very isolating for them if they are playing on a travel team that doesn't have anybody else from their school," Dr. Higgs says. "They may not have those close school connections and may feel like they don't have anyone they can talk to during the day." 

It’s not all negative though, Dr. Higgs says travel sports have plenty of mental health benefits. It’s a chance to share additional time with your team and your family.

"There are a lot of protective benefits from sports. You do get to experience a lot of teamwork, camaraderie and you get resilience training," Dr. Higgs says. "Things don't always go your way in sports. There's a bad break, a bad loss and you must work your way through that. So, there's a lot of mental health benefits from sports."

The National College Athletic Association (NCAA) published a survey in 2022 regarding college athletes and their mental health, stating that 65% of women’s sports participants and 58% of men’s sports participants agreed or strongly agreed that their teammates took each other’s mental health concerns seriously. Additionally, 56% of both men’s and women’s athletes reported they knew how to help a teammate who was going through a mental health issue.

According to the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), approximately 30% of women and 25% of men who are student-athletes report having anxiety, and only 10% of all college athletes with known mental health challenges seek care from a professional.

Parents: don’t make your children carry the burden alone. Dr. Higgs recommends frequent check-ins to see how they’re enjoying the sports they’re playing. If they speak up that they need to take a break, give them that opportunity.

Taking a few weeks, or even a few months, can help your child evaluate whether they truly enjoy the sport, and if they want to continue playing it. Your child should also be empowered to discuss any mental health concerns during their annual sports physical with their primary care provider.

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Obesity early in life can lead to life-long physical and mental health challenges, according to a study in Journal Pediatrics.

This comes as childhood obesity has more than tripled since the 1970s, due to unhealthy eating and low amounts of physical activity, says the World Health Organization (WHO). This increase should also serve as a reminder for parents to get their children’s cholesterol checked. The CDC recommends children and adolescents should have their cholesterol checked at least once between ages nine and 11 and again between ages 17 and 21.

What is Cholesterol?

“Cholesterol is one of the molecules that, in limited quantities, is essential for the human body to make cells,” says Frank Han, MD, a pediatric cardiologist with OSF HealthCare. “In larger quantities it has the potential to increase the future risk of heart artery disease or coronary artery disease in kids and future adults.”

Healthy cholesterol vs. unhealthy cholesterol

“There is some influence on your cholesterol numbers from what you eat,” Dr. Han says. “The general idea of what’s healthy cholesterol and what’s bad cholesterol is: HDL is considered the healthy cholesterol and LDL is considered the unhealthy or bad cholesterol. The general idea that people can take home is to have a heart-healthy diet.”

A few things a heart-healthy diet consists of eating a variety of fruits and vegetables every day. Choose foods with mostly whole grains rather than refined grains. Cut back on high fat and processed foods and eat more foods you prepared yourself, and foods containing healthier fats.  You can read more about maintaining a heart-healthy diet here. 

The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) releases cholesterol guidelines for preventive care. The most recent results were released in July 2023, and 2016 before that.

“They commented on how they need more research to determine if routine cholesterol screenings for kids derive benefits in the long-term,” Dr. Han says.

Guidance from the USPSTF has suggested cholesterol screenings are beneficial for kids who have other medical conditions like family-inherited high cholesterol, Dr. Han says.

When is it time to see a cardiologist about your cholesterol?

Dr. Han says kids are referred to cardiologists by their primary care provider.

“When we have those patients in our office, we’ll make sure they’re well-informed about what a healthy diet and exercise looks like,” Dr. Han says. “Then, should the child need it, with or without the assistance of our colleagues in the Healthy Kids University office, or a dietitian, we can work on improving their lifestyle habits.”

Along with maintaining a heart-healthy diet, Dr. Han recommends kids make physical activity a daily habit with an activity they enjoy.

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As children go back to school, doctors’ offices are filled with kids needing check-ups, immunizations, and in some cases, heart screenings.

This is particularly the case for athletes, according to Frank Han, MD, pediatric cardiologist with OSF HealthCare.

“Every time people go back to school, there is a need for heart screenings to help look for heart problems in children,” Dr. Han says.

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) conducted a 10-year review of sudden death during sporting activities. The objective was to characterize the demographics and causes of sudden cardiac death during sports played in Australia. Nearly 20,000 autopsies were conducted between 2006 and 2015. Most deaths were from adults.

The findings showed the small number of children who died from heart conditions either were arrhythmogenic or presumed arrhythmogenic, producing or tending to produce cardiac arrhythmia. Or the kids had inherited cardiomyopathies, an acquired or hereditary disease of the heart muscle.

That’s why Dr. Han recommends parents speak to their children’s pediatricians to make sure they’re aware if their child has a heart condition. If the pediatrician senses the child may have a problem, they’ll recommend they be seen by a cardiologist for further evaluation.

“The general screening to start off is an EKG in the primary care office. After that, along with an assessment of family history, that person may be referred for an echocardiogram or a stress test to see if there’s any issues in the heart valves, or if the heart muscle is too thick,” Dr. Han says. “One of the major uses of the exercise stress test is to try and simulate the hardest possible exercise that person might do. Then we will put all the information together in our visit to figure out if there is an issue.”

While it can be hard, especially for younger children, to know the signs of a heart condition, it’s important to listen if they think something feels unusual.

“They may say things like their chest is ‘beeping,’ or their chest is ‘pounding.’ In older children, they may give you a variety of descriptions, that there’s some difficulty with exercise. This can be chest pain, shortness of breath, or their heart is pounding, particularly when they exercise,” Dr. Han says.

Dr. Han says all heart conditions aren’t caught when the person is younger.

“Some heart conditions that you’re born with don’t really show up as a kid, like genetic conditions of the heart that may show up at a later age,” he says. “The electrocardiogram and ultrasound of the heart are designed to pick that up if it shows up later in age.”

Dr. Han adds it’s very important to know your family health history. If your family has a history of heart conditions, he recommends speaking with your primary care provider and potentially being screened by a cardiologist.

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